Standards-Based Assessment: Social Assumptions: Standards-based assessments assume that there is a predetermined set of learning standards or objectives that students should achieve. They aim to measure students' proficiency and mastery of these standards. Consequences for Learners:

Positive: Standards-based assessments provide clear learning targets and expectations, allowing students to track their progress and identify areas for improvement. They can promote transparency and consistency in grading and reporting. They also support accountability and help ensure that students meet essential learning outcomes.
Negative: The focus on meeting specific standards can lead to a narrow view of education, emphasizing content knowledge over broader skills and competencies. It may limit students' exploration of diverse interests and talents that fall outside the established standards. Standardized testing associated with standards-based assessments can create pressure and stress for students and teachers.

Alternative Practices of Assessment: Social Assumptions: Alternative practices of assessment recognize that learning is multifaceted and cannot be adequately measured through traditional standardized tests. They value a broader range of skills, knowledge, and attributes, including creativity, critical thinking, collaboration, and problem-solving. Consequences for Learners:

Positive: Alternative assessments encourage students to engage in deeper learning, apply their knowledge in authentic contexts, and develop a wide range of skills essential for success in the real world. They can foster creativity, self-expression, and student agency. These assessments often provide opportunities for students to demonstrate their unique strengths and diverse ways of knowing.
Negative: Alternative assessments can be more time-consuming and require careful design, implementation, and evaluation. The subjectivity involved in grading alternative assessments may introduce biases if not addressed properly. It can also be challenging to ensure consistency and comparability across different assessment practices.