Assessment for Learning MOOC’s Updates
Standards-Based and Alternative Practices of Assessment (Admin Update 3)
Standards-based assessment allows the possibility that everyone in a certain level of education or in the same class can succeed. For the underlying principles, see:
Criterion referenced, norm-referenced and self-referenced assessments have fundamentally different logics and social purposes. In the following image from Chapter 10 of our New Learning book, we attempt to characterize the different logics. But what are the different social assumptions?
Comment: What are the social assumptions of each kind of assessment? What are the consequences for learners? For better and/or for worse, in each case?
Make an Update: Find an example of an alternative form of assessment. Describe and analyze it.
Social Assumptions and Consequences of Different Assessments:
Intelligence Testing:
Assumptions: Intelligence tests often assume a universal definition of intelligence based on cognitive abilities. They may prioritize certain skills (e.g., problem-solving, logical reasoning) over others (e.g., emotional intelligence, creativity).
Consequences for Learners:
Positive: Can identify academic potential and guide educational interventions for those with specific cognitive profiles.
Negative: May reinforce stereotypes or biases if tests are culturally biased or fail to account for diverse forms of intelligence.
Knowledge Testing:
Assumptions: Knowledge tests assume that mastery of specific content or skills reflects competence and readiness for roles or tasks.
Consequences for Learners:
Positive: Encourages mastery of subject matter and can serve as a reliable measure of acquired skills or qualifications.
Negative: Can promote rote memorization and discourage critical thinking or application of knowledge in novel contexts.
Example of Alternative Assessment: Project-Based Learning
Description:
Project-based learning (PBL) is an instructional approach where students actively explore real-world challenges and problems. Instead of traditional tests, students demonstrate knowledge and skills through the completion of projects or tasks.
Analysis:
Strengths:
Authentic Learning: Encourages application of knowledge in real-world scenarios, fostering deeper understanding.
Diverse Skills: Develops collaboration, communication, and problem-solving skills beyond academic content.
Personalization: Allows for individualized projects catering to students' interests and strengths.
Weaknesses:
Time-Intensive: Designing and implementing projects may require substantial time and resources.
Assessment Challenges: Grading can be subjective, requiring clear rubrics and criteria to ensure consistency.
Resource Equity: Access to resources and support outside the classroom can impact project outcomes.
Social Assumptions and Consequences:
Project-based learning challenges traditional assessment assumptions by emphasizing holistic skills and competencies beyond standardized testing. It promotes inclusivity by valuing diverse talents and backgrounds. However, its effectiveness can vary based on resources and support available to students, potentially exacerbating disparities in education.
In conclusion, alternative forms of assessment like project-based learning offer opportunities to address the limitations and biases associated with traditional intelligence and knowledge testing. By prioritizing real-world application and holistic skill development, these approaches can better prepare learners for success in diverse contexts. However, careful consideration of resources, equity, and assessment frameworks is essential to ensure meaningful and equitable learning experiences.
Alternative assessment encompasses a wide range of evaluation methods that differ from traditional standardized tests. Here's an example of alternative assessment that I used in my work with lower grades in elementary school:
Project Assignment: Students were tasked with exploring the Labor Day holiday celebrated in our region. Each of them chose to express themselves in a different way. They all had to use computers and create a poster, presentation, video, or something similar. Their final product could be a written report, presentation, artwork, and so on. All students enthusiastically participated in the project and achieved very good results. We presented all the works at an event held in our town.@Gabrijela Jakovac,
The Social Assumptions and Consequences of Different Forms of Assessment:
Assessments are crucial tools in education, serving the purpose of evaluating student learning, skills, and understanding. They carry social assumptions that reflect beliefs about intelligence, learning, and performance. These assumptions have significant consequences for learners, influencing self-esteem, educational paths, and future opportunities. This essay will discuss the social assumptions inherent in traditional and alternative assessments and the impact of these assumptions on learners.
Traditional assessments often fail to capture the full spectrum of student abilities, risking a narrow educational focus that might overlook important non-academic skills and diverse intelligences.
Alternative assessments, like digital portfolios, offer a more personalized and inclusive approach but present challenges in equitable access and the practicality of consistent evaluation standards.
The balance between standardization and individualized learning is key in assessment, as it profoundly influences not only educational outcomes but also shapes students' self-perceptions and future opportunities.
An example of an alternative form of assessment is the use of digital portfolios. A digital portfolio is a collection of a student's work that showcases progress and achievements over time. Students select samples of their work, which may include written assignments, videos, audio recordings, or art projects, and often reflect on their learning process.
Analysis:
The social assumption underlying digital portfolios is that learning is a continuous, reflective process, and that it is essential to capture the complexity of this process in the assessment. The use of technology in digital portfolios also assumes that digital literacy is a valuable skill in modern education.
The consequences for learners are significant. For the better, digital portfolios can empower students to take ownership of their learning and to understand their development over time. They can also be a source of pride and a practical tool for college admissions or job applications.
For the worse, digital portfolios might disadvantage students who have less access to technology or who are less digitally literate. They also require significant ongoing commitment from students and educators to maintain and assess, which could be a drawback in resource-limited educational environments.
@Abdulrahman Ibrahim,@Mahjoub Elhassan,@Antonio F Bertachini A Prado,@Marissa Cochran,
Using blogs, forums, and wikis in learning can be effective in various ways:
1. Blogs: Blogs provide a platform for students to share and reflect on their learning experiences. They can document their progress, share ideas, and receive feedback from peers and teachers. Blogs also encourage writing skills, critical thinking, and self-expression.
2. Forums: Online forums allow for open discussion and collaboration among students. They provide a space to ask questions, share resources, and engage in debates or discussions related to the subject matter. Forums facilitate peer-to-peer learning and enable students to learn from different perspectives.
3. Wikis: Wikis are collaborative platforms where students can collectively create and edit content. They can work together to build knowledge, create study guides or summaries, or collaborate on projects. Wikis promote teamwork, research skills, and information synthesis.
When using these tools in learning, it is essential to provide clear guidelines, ensure respectful and constructive communication, and encourage active participation from all students. Teachers can monitor and moderate these platforms to ensure the content is appropriate and academically beneficial. Additionally, teachers can facilitate discussions, provide feedback, and guide students in using these tools effectively for learning.
Standard-based assessment is an approach that compares students' performance to standards rather than comparing them with other students.
it is clear and specific.
criteria for evaluation present prior to assignment.
students compete assignment.
in standard based assessment students work compared to criteria on rubric and score is given.
students here are expected to continue working on a task until high-quality work is achieved.
According to my perspective, in a written test, dialogue, or discussion among students or even friends, the one who knows is the one who has spent time and effort researching, reading, and researching a topic, so he organizes his thoughts about the topic and answers in a clear way.
Here the intelligent person who may not have happened to read about this topic appears, and he tries to link it to similar topics, and tries to deduce solutions, arranging them in a way that is not necessarily correct, but is not completely wrong either.
In this example, which should it be?
You must familiarize yourself with many topics, and build a base of information and sufficient knowledge for yourself. From it, your intelligence will be determined and your ideas will crystallize. You will be able to participate in many topics even if you only have a glimpse of it.
@SarahHansen
@Abdulrahman Ibrahim,@Mahjoub Elhassan,@Antonio F Bertachini A Prado,@Marissa Cochran,
According to my perspective, in a written test, dialogue, or discussion among students or even friends, the one who knows is the one who has spent time and effort researching, reading, and researching a topic, so he organizes his thoughts about the topic and answers in a clear way.
Here the intelligent person who may not have happened to read about this topic appears, and he tries to link it to similar topics, and tries to deduce solutions, arranging them in a way that is not necessarily correct, but is not completely wrong either.
In this example, which should it be?
You must familiarize yourself with many topics, and build a base of information and sufficient knowledge for yourself. From it, your intelligence will be determined and your ideas will crystallize. You will be able to participate in many topics even if you only have a glimpse of it.
@SarahHansen
@Abdulrahman Ibrahim,@Mahjoub Elhassan,@Antonio F Bertachini A Prado,@Marissa Cochran,
According to my perspective, in a written test, dialogue, or discussion among students or even friends, the one who knows is the one who has spent time and effort researching, reading, and researching a topic, so he organizes his thoughts about the topic and answers in a clear way.
Here the intelligent person who may not have happened to read about this topic appears, and he tries to link it to similar topics, and tries to deduce solutions, arranging them in a way that is not necessarily correct, but is not completely wrong either.
In this example, which should it be?
You must familiarize yourself with many topics, and build a base of information and sufficient knowledge for yourself. From it, your intelligence will be determined and your ideas will crystallize. You will be able to participate in many topics even if you only have a glimpse of it.
@SarahHansen
التقييم والتقويم يندرج كلّ من التقييم والتقويم تحت قائمة العمليات الإدارية الاستراتيجية العصرية التي تلعب دوراً بارزاً في العملية الإدارية الكلية التي تهدف بصورة مباشرة إلى تحقيق غايات وأهداف المؤسسات والمنظمات العاملة في القطاعات المختلفة، حيث يمثلان المراحل الأخيرة في كلّاً من التخطيط الاستراتيجي والإدارة الاستراتيجية، ونجد أنّه قد لبس لدى فئة كبيرة من الأشخاص في التفريق بين هذين المفهومين، مما خلق حالة من الخلط بين المفاهيم، حيث إنّ هناك فرق واضح وشاسع بين كل منهما، ونظراً لذلك اخترنا أن نستعرض بشكل مفصل مفهوم كلاً منهما بشكل منفصل عن الآخر. مفهوم التقييم إنّ عملية التقييم هي عبارة عن نشاط إداري يقيس بدقة مدى تحقيق الأهداف والغايات المطلوبة، ويتمحور حول نشاطين رئيسين يتابعان عملية التنفيذ، ويرصدان الأخطاء فيها، ويقدمان تقريراً بذلك لاتخاذ القرار المناسب بشأنها، وتشكل المرحلة ما قبل الأخيرة من مراحل وضع استراتيجية إدارة الموارد البشرية، حيث نطرح في هذه المرحلة سؤال هل حققنا الهدف، وتتطلب الإجابة على هذا السؤال فحصاً دقيقاً لآلية العمل وخطواته، بصورة تضمن قياس الأداء الذي يتيح فرصة المقارنة الحقيقية بين الأداء المخطط له مسبقاً والأداء الفعلي، وتحديد الانحرافات. إعلان
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أساليب التقويم الحديثة أم الأساليب التقليدية؟
باستخدام أنظمة الدرجات التقليدية، يحسب المعلمون عموما درجات الطلاب وفقا لعمل الصف والواجبات المنزلية والمشروعات والاختبارات المنظمة في كتاب الصف الخاص بالطالب. وفي بعض الأحيان، يقوم المعلمون أيضا بتضمين جوانب غير أكاديمية مثل السلوك والحضور.
التقييم القائم على المعايير أو أساليب التقويم الحديثة لا تميز بين الاختبارات والواجبات المنزلية والمشاريع. فيتم تقويم عمل الطالب بأكمله لتحديد ما إذا كان قد أتقن المتطلبات أو المعايير الأساسية أم لا. وتتم مراقبة المعايير المهمة في درجات عمل الطالب، مما يوفر للمعلم والطالب وولي الأمر صورة شاملة للمعايير التي أتقنها الطالب.
وعادة ما يتم تسجيل المتغيرات غير الأكاديمية مثل السلوك والحضور بشكل مختلف ولا يتم أخذها في الاعتبار عند تحديد هذه الدرجة