Abstract

Recombinant technology which involves the incorporation of genetic material from one organism to another using laboratory tools and bioinformatics, has revolutionized the engineering of molecules for a variety of purposes, including therapeutics. Improved stability, reduced allergenicity, and clinical efficacy are some of the desired characteristics of recombinant molecules. Designing effective recombinant molecules requires extensive knowledge of the native molecule, its physical and chemical properties, and its structure-function relationship, as well as the molecular traits of the biology, genetics or environment that are critical for the identification and selection of suitable targets for the recombinant molecule. Strategically designed effective recombinant molecules are a genuine prospect for the socio-economic welfare of humanity and for a safe environment. Strategies for designing effective recombinant molecules may be based on a number of principles, elements, factors, and methods, including rational design, DNA shuffling, fusion of molecules, directed evolution, phage display, ribosome display, site-specific post-translational modification, and site-directed mutagenesis. As a research study, recombinant ovalbumin molecules that were strategically designed to protect mice against egg allergy, were effective in mice as demonstrated by in vivo monitoring and in vitro assays, and may hold promise as potential immunotherapeutic agents against egg allergy in humans. Strategically designed recombinant ovalbumin may also serve as a safe substitute for native allergenic ovalbumin in food products. This theoretical discourse will describe the advances in and strategies for designing effective recombinant molecules.