Abstract

Teachers are using a wide variety of educational assessment tools to measure students’ learning outcomes. These tools are either teacher made or standardized. The teacher made tools are only used for a specific class, whereas standardized tools, due to their generalizability, are used for larger classes. Educational technologies have changed the scenario of developing assessment tools. The main objectives of the educational tools are to decide what you want your students to learn and making sure they learn it. The main sources of guidelines are respective curriculum and framework. The curriculum focuses on the measurement of students’ learning outcome, whereas frameworks provide alignment among curriculum and tools. Frameworks provide test specifications, definition of skills, standards, benchmarks, and indicators as well. International organizations are using reverse engineering, alpha & beta testing, tryout and piloting studies for the development of valid and reliable assessment tools using various kinds of educational softwares like ConQuest and Multilog. A valid and reliable tool should be unbiased and meet the demands of curriculum. This research study develops a model for constructing valid and reliable instrument for measuring students’ learning outcomes.