We've always been presented with a new kind of pedagogy that breaks with the traditional. The names used vary from one continent or country to another, but in all cases it's called transformative pedagogy.

But to acquire competencies, you need materials. The first is the textbook.

However, is it a means of acquiring knowledge or competency? What is the most effective material that the teacher can use to enable learners to acquire competencies?

In some subjects, there are practical materials. Students of computer science, auto mechanics, etc. handle technical equipment. In these subjects, transformative teaching takes on its full meaning.

As for certain subjects, the task is not an easy one. How do you get a law or history student to acquire competencies rather than just knowledge?

I had this difficulty applying transformative pedagogy in my country of origin. classes are overcrowded, students are demotivated, and there is a lack of research resources. it was a difficult experience which forced us to apply traditional pedagogy without changing the name.