Abstract

This study performs a systematic review on the global distribution of diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and significance of risk factors for diabetes in various regions. A Medline search of articles from 1990 was conducted to identify 91 studies representing 57 countries considering year, sample characteristics, and diagnostic criteria. Review was performed with World Health Organization classification of regions. Prevalence of diabetes was highest in Americas (14.8%), followed by Eastern-Mediterranean. Prevalence of IGT is highest in South-East Asia (12.1%), followed by Americas. Women have a higher prevalence of diabetes/IGT in many regions. Urban areas have a higher prevalence. Undiagnosed cases are higher in developing countries. Obesity is the most potent risk factor for diabetes, followed by older age, and central-obesity. Diabetes/IGT prevalence is higher in women than in men, and diabetes prevalence is remarkably higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Primary prevention is emphasized in developing regions. Interventions, which lead to lifestyle modifications, will reduce or delay the occurrence of diabetes. Early detection of undiagnosed cases of diabetes in developing countries is stressed.