Abstract

The main duty of culture in every society is presenting the imaginal idea and thoughts of that which show itself through visible embodiment. During this interaction, architecture has a fundamental role. Each building because of its piece of culture should make visible these imaginal thoughts of society through external forms and consequently would be a sign to analyze the culture. Its role to culture is the same as the role of language in thoughts. This article will scrutinize communication and cultural impacts at two great civilizations of Iran and Indian and their approaches to the use of landscape design patterns. India is one of the territories of the very ancient period and at least from the migration of Aryans has had some cultural background little in common with Iran. Political and cultural relationship between Iran and India was more or less continued in the Islamic era so that the peak of these cultural exchanges were in Safavid and Mughal periods, and ultimately, these cultural exchange resulted in creating the masterpiece of Taj Mahal garden in India. This garden which has been selected as a case study in this research is one the most famous and historic building and gardens worldwide and attracted many of the world people to its grandeur and beauty. This garden, which is one of the three points of view: while the first, it belongs to the Islamic culture and civilization and the other while some of its artists and architects are Iranian, and above all is that, its design have been done according to the Iranian landscape design patterns, so that we can place Taj Mahal as the crown symbol of Iranian art and culture. This paper can be useful in the further identification of different cultures and how they represent itself, in the architecture and landscape design.