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Instructional Design as a Discursive Community View Digital Media
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Katy Campbell
Instructional design (ID) emerged in the early 1900’s in the United States; the American discourse of ID has dominated since. In this paper, I examine ID discourse in several different geopolitical sites of theory and practice, including Canada, the United States, Australia, the UK, and Asia, and propose a more robust understanding of design theorizing and practice. The concept of community is often applied to social or professional groups whose members have beliefs, ideas, and purposes that bind them. Communities become sites of identity development, discursively constructed by its members in order to make meaning of their experiences. This discourse involves shared goals, relationships, and shared communicative practices about the praxis of that community, that are shaped and transformed by multiple forces including national identity, political context, age and gender, cultural beliefs and values, educational and work experiences, roles within an institutional or organizational setting. Each design sub-discipline has a different expectation regarding what terms to use, what subjects are important to discuss, how to behave, how ethical research is defined, and how papers should convey information. As a discourse community, instructional design (ID) is created by the collective practices of its members, providing a set of cognitive tools, such as theories, that individuals then adopt through their efforts to make sense of the practices of the community, and share through genres such as presentations at academic meetings, scholarly papers and manuscripts, curricula and content, and public participation such as editorials or community presentations.
A Proposal for a Cincinnati-Dayton Mass Transit System for 2040: Bridging the Gap between Transportation Design and Transportation Planning View Digital Media
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Alejandro Lozano Robledo
Transportation design and transportation planning have been working independently from each other in the past century. Designers have focused on developing vehicles, and planners have focused on developing infrastructure proposals in a stable paradigm of roads for cars. By 2040, autonomous vehicles (AVs), hyper-connectivity and a shared economy will drastically change the transportation paradigm. These factors will increase the complexities of cities by introducing new types of vehicles, requiring designers to incorporate methodologies from planning to meet the needs of the population, and planners to consider new types of vehicles in their methodologies. Further, the Cincinnati and Dayton corridor is projected to grow in population and employment by over 20% in 2040, and the current transportation infrastructure plan for 2040 by the OKI (Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana Regional Council) will not accommodate the projected needs of the region. This thesis project proposes the conceptual configuration of a mass transit system between Cincinnati and Dayton in 2040 based on integrating transportation design and transportation planning methodologies. Preliminary results from this proposal show that the careful coordination of design and planning methodologies are very effective. This proposal’s main area of impact is design and planning education, by promoting collaborative future mobility studios with integrated methodologies. Other areas of impact include the workplace, where professional designers and planners can integrate both methodologies and the built environment referring to the proposal’s implementation, where large-scale stakeholder involvement takes place, including government and policymaking, public participation, larger data sets, land use studies and private company’s engagement.
Featured The Social is the Thing: Taking a Designerly Approach to Local Government Strategic Planning View Digital Media
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Willhemina Wahlin
Empowering local communities in the creation of strategic planning can play a significant role in solving community-based problems. This paper discusses how our research team implemented a range of design methods to elevate the lived experiences, goals, and aspirations of local community stakeholders in the creation of a local government cultural plan. Combining elements of Harvard's Public Policy Design Arc, Co-Design and Design Thinking, we have been developing a framework for community-driven strategic planning, and testing and iterating it alongside community. This paper explains the different elements of the framework and offer suggestions for further development.
The Haptic Audio Meter: Inclusion and Support for Blind and Low Vision Audio and Music Creators in the Digital Era View Digital Media
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session James Hurley, Jon Drummond, Nicole Carroll
This paper presents a prototype vibrotactile haptic feedback device which aims to address one of the accessibility barriers and usability challenges identified in the literature and in investigations to date that blind and low vision users of audio and music software face. The ability to monitor audio signal levels is crucial in all music and audio production fields. Current assistive technologies, which have been adapted from standard computer access technologies for blind and low vision users, and which utilise the sole interaction modality of computer speech feedback, are problematic when the user’s auditory perceptual channel is already fully engaged with creative content. A novel cross-modal mapping of the audio signal level into the haptic domain is defined, which bypasses the need for computer screen reader technologies to ‘speak’ the feedback information that is displayed on visual audio meters. The software detection of the audio signal level which maps the audio signal level to various vibrotactile stimuli signals is described. The rationale for the design choices for these mappings of audio signal levels to vibrotactile signals, informed by studies in cross-modal communication, is discussed. A prototype haptic interface ‘display’, that uses low-cost and flexible small audio loudspeakers, enables these cross-modal mappings to be perceived via contact with the fingers. Refinements to the hardware design elements are described that will allow miniaturisation and incorporation of the haptic feedback display into existing audio input interface elements, such as slide potentiometers (faders) that are common in music and audio production interface technologies.
Moving Design Knowledge through a Transnational Collaboration: Design Schools on Both Sides of the Hemisphere Working with the Local Community View Digital Media
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Milagros Zingoni, Oriana Gil Perez
Multiple publics and a pluralistic society call for multiple ways of bettering the lives of others. In higher education, Service Learning Projects (SLP) deal with these challenges locally and globally. Their value is found in their ability to develop lifelong learning experiences for our students (Fink 2003, Davies 2006), and foster the development of empathy, informed judgments and responsive action (Sears, 2004, Zingoni 2019). They empower students to do “good to the public”, improving others’ conditions. This SPL case study mobilizes knowledge from a Research I Public University in the United States to professors in a Public University in Venezuela, from the latter to their architecture students, and from them to the local community through a participatory design process to amplify their voices, while exposing them to design thinking and empowering them to develop agency. Based on Dewey’s (1938) view of education as a social process, faculty, students and community members, worked together to identify shared values and define common purpose that makes good to the public. This funded study presents the participatory design process that helped find common ground within the community of Volcadero in Venezuela, a fishing community located 334.2km west of Caracas, which is perceived by outsiders as unsafe and dirty and by its local community as disconnected. It presents the data analysis and translates these ideas into a design proposal that represents and builds on the Volcadero community identity. This pilot study is about empowering others to develop agency and assessing the success of such efforts.
The Role of the Adaptive Reuse of Listed Settlements as a Strategy for Sustainable Housing (Re)development View Digital Media
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Andreas Savvides
This paper furthers the discussion of the role of contemporary migration and immigration patterns in the segmented city and its potential for urban revitalization and regeneration. The two main prongs of investigation consider the effect of the existing and proposed changes in the physical infrastructure, as well as the catalytic effect of this recent wave of human capital. Through this process, the work indicates the potential for providing housing while jumpstarting cultural revitalization through the conservation, restoration, adaptive reuse and infill of its physical fabric. It looks at opportunities to create mixed-use venues of housing and employment that will expedite the accommodation and integration of the migrant and immigrant communities that are settling there and their catalytic potential to convert the underutilized historic core to a culturally and socioeconomically diverse environment.
Universal Design Principles for Extreme Users: A Study of Visual Ergonomics for Left Handed Users in Graphical User Interface View Digital Media
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Abhinav Basak, Shatarupa Thakurta Roy
The graphical user interface was brought into existence with an intend to expand the access of computer systems to the masses by making its interface simple to the users, thereby enabling them to familiarize themselves with it quickly. At the initial stage of the development, the visual components of the graphical user interface were designed considering the technical constraints of the available computer systems. However, with technological advancements, the operating system manufacturers attempted to experiment with the respective visual elements of their interface in order to understand and find the most optimal settings throughout the screen, resulting in the evolution of graphical user interface by making the visual interface streamlined across all platforms taking into account the convenience of the mainstream userbase having most basic requirements. With operating system manufacturers focusing more towards the overall appearance of the computer interface instead of individual visual elements, a little research is conducted to cater the requirements of extreme user categories, making the evolution of the visual elements of the graphical user interface stagnant. This paper studies the visual ergonomics of one such fundamental visual element of the graphical user interface, considering left-handed computer users as an extreme user category with an objective to develop and propose a universal design solution to include left-handers as a mainstream user category in a computer interface.
