Posters (Asynchronous Session)
“Football Is a Woman’s Game” : The Story of Groundbreaking Journalist Jeannie Morris and Her Women’s Page Sports Column View Digital Media
Poster Session Kimberly Voss
This poster presentation features groundbreaking sports journalist Jeannie Morris. She became the first woman to report live from a Super Bowl in 1975 and became the first woman to receive the Ring Lardner Award for excellence in sports journalism. Her column, “Football Is a Woman’s Game,” ran on the women’s pages of the Chicago American newspaper. Eventually the column moved to the sports section and then to the Chicago Daily News. The content of her column is examined in this research - with an emphasis on gender and sports. It will add to the growing scholarship about women and sports journalism, as well as women’s page content.
Effect of the Type of Feedback on Perceived Competence, Autonomous Motivation, and Vitality in a Goal Throwing Task: Implications for Physical Education of Young Athletes View Digital Media
Poster Session Diego Soto
The effect of feedback on motor learning is no longer understood solely with an informative objective on how the activity is being carried out. Thus, evidence is beginning to be found that suggests that the feedback provided to athletes is not only informative in the learning process, but also has effects on other variables that determine performance (García-Herrero, Carcedo, 2019). This study considers different investigations that delve into the role of positive and negative feedback in sports tasks (Saemi, Porter, Ghotbi-Varzaneh, Zarghami & Maleki, 2012). Apparently, positive feedback is related to higher levels of intrinsic motivation and perceived competence (Nicaise, Cogerino, Bois & Amorose, 2006).
Lessons from Sport for Moving Through Crisis with Positivity View Digital Media
Poster Session Heidi Muller
Taking crisis to mean a time of testing, a crisis has revelatory potential. Housed within the medical tradition, a crisis is that point where the change in the disease moves one either toward death or toward recovery. A crisis is inherently a turning-point. Lessons for how to make the turning be toward something more positive, more constructive, and more cohesive can be learned through sport participation, specifically through team-based participation. Teams are a complicated “live” dynamic mixing small group and organizational interaction. They are also a playful undertaking, taking play as work that invokes creative agency. When crisis is encountered, what had been working, no longer will. What was predictable, no longer is. For anyone who has participated on teams, crises and their aftermath from the minute to the significant, are experiences that stick in one’s mind. Through an analysis incorporating reflection on the author’s own lived experience as a competitive as well as recreational coach and athlete, moments of crisis are explored where engaging in creative agency results in individuals, teams, and communities performing with intecontextual consistency, resiliency, and sustainably. Through analysis incorporating, a communication variant of self-other psychology, when teams and communities are not bounded by the limitations and/or overreaching of individuals, performance becomes not primarily about goal attainment but rather about communication-centric enactment of co-constructed possibility. Extending these lessons beyond sports, the idea of a team-based life emerges. In this life approach, what crises reveals is a continually responsive living dynamic, turning toward recovery, toward positivity.
The Effect of Concussion Prevention Programs Among High School American Football Players: A Systematic Review View Digital Media
Poster Session Brooke Clifton, Ghadah Alshuwaiyer
Sports-related concussion (SRCs) rates among high school students have dramatically increased in most recent years. This systematic review assessed prevention strategies and programs that lower the risk of concussion among American high school football. Nine different search engines were used to extract articles. The databases included Ageline, CINAHL, EBSCO, ERIC, Health Business, Heath Source: Nursing Academic Edition, MEDLINE, and MEDLINE with full text. Articles were included in the selection process if they met the following: (1) focused on American football, (2) involved high school football players only, (3) injury focus was based on concussions that were caused from playing football, and (4) discussed reliable prevention techniques and/or strategies. Despite the limited number of studies (n=6), all articles found that existing programs effectively lower concussion-related incidence rates. Programs that included an appropriate helmet, customized mandibular orthodontics, a strategy to reduce the amount of physical contact during practice, and educational resources for athletes and coaches were proven to reduce head injury. However, a gold standard approach is not available in reducing concussions among high school athletes. Thus, we conclude that studies that utilize two or more of the strategies listed above should be conducted to significantly lower concussion risks among high school athletes.
A Study of Scandals in College Athletics and University Reputation Management View Digital Media
Poster Session Geumchan Hwang
Scandal in sport is defined as “doing something illegal or immoral that has a profound impact on the sport or contest.” Previous studies have revealed that scandals negatively influence an organization’s reputation. Researchers noted that individuals and organizations are motivated to present an image defense when a reputation is threatened. In other words, the reputation is closely related to organizations’ images, and try to recover images through diverse image repair strategies when reputation is damaged. Despite scandals in college athletics severely deteriorate university reputation, there have been minimal studies regarding how universities should respond to those athletic scandals to recover tarnished reputation. Therefore, this study aims to examine how college students perceive scandals in college athletics and how different types of image repair strategy positively affect restoring university reputation after the college athletics scandals. An online experimental survey will be conducted to examine the effects of image repair strategies on scandals in college athletics. Subjects will be college students who have attended in college athletic events in past two years. More than 200 experiment subjects will be recruited online and the data will be analyzed using multivariate analyses, including multivariate analysis of variance and factor analysis. The findings of the study will provide college administrators with practical information regarding effective response strategies for universities to recover their reputation tarnished by athletic scandals.
Quarantine Cups and Perennial Chumps: Sports Fans’ Attitudes Towards Winners and Losers in North American Sports During the COVID-19 Pandemic View Digital Media
Poster Session Sean Pradhan, Gregory Costedoat, Sean Laraway, Susan Snycerski
The COVID-19 pandemic has ravaged the sports world, setting in motion drastic changes to the current landscape for spectator sports. Sports fans have been relegated to supporting their favorite teams through virtual and socially distant means. Specifically, North American sports teams have competed in various locations across (near) empty stadiums. With many stadiums no longer filled with fans to fuel home-field advantages, the legitimacy of team accomplishments has recently been called into question. For instance, a poll conducted by YouGov (White, 2020) revealed that approximately 28% of the 24,472 American adults sampled believed that the 2020 NBA championship was not as legitimate as prior seasons, and 21% were unsure. In addition, given the range of adverse effects brought about by the pandemic, from economic instability to concerns with mental health, it is also important to examine if fans’ attitudes towards teams with historically poor records have remained stable or changed as a result of this situation. Thus, we developed a survey to examine attitudes toward 2020 championship (i.e., “quarantine cup”) winners, along with fan interest and support for teams that have continued to struggle (i.e., “perennial chumps”) amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The study surveys fans of the four major North American professional sports leagues that held championship games during the 2020 season following national lockdowns due to the pandemic. We measure fans’ team identification, perceptions of league championships and their winners, attitudes toward their favorite team, and a variety of consumer behaviors (e.g., purchase intent and viewership).
Investigating Circadian Advantages in the National Football League: A Case Study of West Coast Teams View Digital Media
Poster Session Abhay Kopardekar, Sean Pradhan
Previous research in the National Football League (NFL) has shown that teams traveling eastward may gain circadian advantages during competition. The current study examines 30 years of performance using all West coast teams subject to frequent travel in the NFL. We hypothesized that the West Coast teams would gain circadian advantages during eastward travel compared to travel within the same time zone. Data for all away games played from the 1990-2019 seasons will be collected from Pro Football-Reference and FiveThirtyEight. We will investigate the impact of time of game, time zone, their interaction, and day of the week on game outcomes, points scored and allowed, interceptions, sacks, punts, and completion, field-goal, and extra-point percentages. We will control for each team’s strength using Elo rating. A series of generalized regressions with Holm-Bonferroni post-hoc tests will be used for analysis. Analyses are currently ongoing. We expect to find that teams experience greater competitive advantages the further eastward they travel, providing evidence for the circadian rhythm advantage for West Coast teams. Given that our sample will be limited to West Coast teams, we recommend further study on other teams in the NFL, as well as other sports.
