Poster Session (Asynchronous Session)
Eating, Drinking, and Innovation: World’s Fairs in America and Food Developments View Digital Media
Poster Session Kimberly Voss
The culinary technology and foods introduced at the World’s Fairs significantly changed what Americans’ ate and drank over the years. In part, this was a result of the World’s Fairs, which introduced foods from foreign lands that the food editors covered. For example, the use of Creole sauce was popular in the early 1940s, even outside of New Orleans – because of a World’s Fair demonstration. Much of this change was introduced by the female newspaper food editors. The explained to their readers: ice cream cones, hot dogs and cotton candy. They also explored sangria and iced tea. Advertisers were also eager to share what could be made with their products with new recipes from the Borden Company or French’s mustard. Cookbooks also introduced new food ideas, from cookbooks the World’s Fair produced to the Tampa Junior League’s Gasparilla Cookbook which was spotted in the hand of former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy. New technologies also changed how food was prepared. This proposed paper will explore these trends that resulted from the World’s Fairs and how they impacted the American diet. Of special interest will be the impact on home cooks. This research adds to the growing scholarship about America’s culinary history. Information will come from advertising files, newspaper coverage and the digitized cookbooks available online.
The Influence of the Demographic Transition on the Improvement of the Nutritional Status of the Spanish Recruits Populations, 1860-1965: The Case of the Valencian Community View Digital Media
Poster Session Javier Puche
Towards the end of the 19th century, mortality and natality rates began to decline in many European countries, achieving a progressive increase in life expectancy, within a process known as demographic transition. Since the 1970s-1980s, several works have argued that this decline was driven by improvements in diet, the standard of living and by improvements in the public health infrastructure. This poster analyses the influence that the demographic transition process had on improving the nutritional status of Spanish recruits populations between the end of the 19th century and the middle of the 20th century, measured through average height. The poster analyses the case of the Valencian Community, a Spanish region located in the east of the Iberian Peninsula, which began its demographic transition process at the end of the 19th century. The evolution of the height data of 163,094 recruits born between 1860 and 1965 is compared with the evolution of the crude mortality, infant mortality and birth rates in the Valencian Community for the same dates. Likewise, the average height of the recruits is compared with the evolution of the vegetative balances for the aforementioned cohorts. The results reveal a close relationship between the secular decrease in the main vital rates (mortality, infant mortality and birth rate) and height. At higher mortality and birth rates, lower average heights. The results achieved reveal the importance that the demographic transition process can have in improving the nutritional status of current populations in developing countries.
Use of AKTS-SML Software to Assess and Rank Substances Migrate from Single- and Double-layers Paper Food Contact Materials into Food Simulators View Digital Media
Poster Session Shuhan You, Hsin Yu Hsia, Yi Xin Hong
Food contact materials (FCM) are the largest source of food contamination. However, some of the detected substances may migrate into food, leading to concerns that are detrimental to human health. The study aim is to assess potentially migrating substances in single- and double-layers paper food contact materials and to rank the substances with the toxic hazards. The potentially migrating substances were collected from published studies. Then, we used a AKTS-SML software to simulate migration rates of the substances to food simulates under various test conditions in a double-layer of beverage paper cups and a single-layer baking paper cups. Moreover, the test conditions and food simulators were in accordance with the standardized migration test conditions set by the European Union and the United States. We considered non-carcinogenic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, and reproductive toxicities for identifying the high, medium and low levels of substances of concern. Results showed that regardless of temperature, the migration rates of double-layered beverage paper cups were nearly 0% and 1.13% for 30 minutes to 2 hours and 10 days, respectively. In single-layer baking paper cups, the migration rates of additives, adhesives, photoinitiators, and biocides in adhesive were the largest at 40°C and 10 days, with values of 25.42%, 25.43%, 25.42%, and 25.43%, respectively. Finally, the number of substances in non-carcinogenic were 30, 3, and 1 for Cramer classes III, II, and I, respectively. The 9 of 30 substances in Class III at least carcinogenic, mutagenic, or reproductive toxicities were classified as high concern.
