Online Posters
Learning Obsolescence:: Urban School Discipline in the Making and Management of Illiberal Subjects
Virtual Poster Anne Scheer
This paper explores the extra-pedagogical function of school discipline as an instrument for the management of the urban poor in the "neoliberal government of social insecurity" (Wacquant, 2009). Drawing on a qualitative analysis of disciplinary policies at a U.S. urban school district and how these are put into practice at one elementary school, I argue that the district has abdicated its responsibility for its students’ moral and social education. In theory and practice, discipline has been stripped of its educative purposes and instead serves as a means to prepare students for futures in which they have been constructed as civically and economically obsolete. Against the background of its own history of failure, the decline of the ideal of educability, and the broader socioeconomic realities of social insecurity and mass incarceration, the district constructs its high-poverty, high-minority student population as always already hopeless. The punitive ideology of No Child Left Behind produces an amalgamation of morality and performance in which the district seeks to meet performance pressures by "cracking down" on the state of indiscipline that allegedly dominates its schools. Although it is designed to control, the resulting disciplinary overregulation is doomed to fail because it simply cannot be put into practice. This structural failure of the official normative order formalized in the disciplinary system empowers a set of alternative behavioral norms that inverts the moral and social dimensions of schooling. By facilitating this alternative normative order, the school constructs students as illiberal subjects who "must" be governed in authoritarian ways.
The Limits of Role Mentoring in the High School Classroom
Virtual Poster Judith Stull, Shohreh Amini
Mentoring as a means of motivating individuals and improving their knowledge and skills underlies all of the educational enterprise. Research studies, based on self-reports, have found that both mentors and mentees feel that they have benefitted from the experience. Research has also shown that empirical evidence of the effects of mentoring beyond self-reports is lacking. This project, based on graduate students collaborating with high school science teachers in their classrooms, begins to address this issue. Using high school students’ final fourth quarter grades, the results show a curvilinear relationship between the time the graduate students spent in the classroom and the students’ grades with the optimal time being 4.8 hours per week. Student grades improved up to 4.8 hours per week and then actually dropped. There are limits to mentoring. Overall, the participating graduate students were satisfied with what they accomplished, but they found that they needed to be flexible, to take advantage of opportunities as they arose, to have a clear idea of what they wanted to accomplish, and to appreciate the students’ limitations. In the end, all of the graduate students noted that their communication skills improved significantly.
Estimating Economic Value for Sport Fishing Sites in Minnesota Using Individual Travel Cost Model
Virtual Poster Pattaraphongpan Chaiyamart
Sport fishing is considered as one of the biggest industries in America. The Sport Fishing Association (1996) ranked Minnesota number four in the nation for overall economic impact from fresh water fishing in America. The Association reported that fresh-water fishing in Minnesota generated $ 1.9 billion (14% of total national expenditure). There are main three areas of sport fishing in Minnesota which are Ely, Lanesboro, and Two Harbors. For sport fishing recreation improvement in Minnesota, the information regarding the economic value from individual travel cost model and the socio-economic factors will benefit government, local administrative officers, business sector, and the local community. The numbers of visits might not be the appropriate factor alone for government’s decision to improve the site but estimated economic value and socio-economic factors are more efficient. Among three fishing sites, the estimated annual economic value of Lanesboro is the highest with value of 45,433,550 dollars a year. The second highest value is 13,834,367 dollars a year for Ely and 3,859,369 dollars a year comes the last for Two Harbors. Socio-economic characteristics impact on demand of visiting for Lanesboro are more significant compared to other regions with variables of income, age, trout fishing experience, party size, and family size. Ely comes second with statistically significant for family size, trout fishing experience year, and high elasticity of age. Two Harbors comes last with significant of only age and party size.
Swedish Tourists’ Perceptions of Thailand as a Destination and Factors That Impact Its Image
Virtual Poster Pattaraphongpan Chaiyamart, Khanittha Chaiyamart
This study explores Swedish tourists’ perceptions of Thailand. It considers the importance of primary and secondary images on Swedish tourists’ decisions to visit Thailand, which would make Thailand’s tourism industry more competitive since Thailand is considered a destination for Swedish tourists. It draws on 128 surveys of Swedish tourists who have been to Thailand. Based on these surveys, the highest scoring positive perception of Thailand is “relaxation,” followed by “beautiful beaches,” with “getting away from Sweden” coming third. The negative perception with the highest rank is “traffic,” and “political issues” is number two. Furthermore, the model of the primary and secondary images’ impacts on traveling to Thailand show that the external influence of the secondary image has a statistically significant effect on Swedish tourists’ decisions to visit Thailand, and the before-trip rating, based on their own knowledge, which is a primary image, is an important factor for their decision to visit Thailand. Moreover, based on external influences, this study found that the main source of external influence came from friends, and secondarily from family. In order to increase visits, the government or ministry of tourism might consider improving the negative image of “traffic” and “political issues” and sustaining the positive images of Thailand’s characteristic “beautiful nature” and “relaxation” through programs that directly impress Swedish tourists.
The Effectiveness of Environmental Protection Councils: Participatory Management and Conservation of Protected Areas in Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Virtual Poster Suelen Ferreira Matoso Couto, Thaddeus Blanchette
Macaé is known as the Brazilian oil capital, which has a high rate of deforestation in the Atlantic Forest, a biome that is one of the hotspots in Brazil (PROBIO, 2007). It was strongly impacted by the petroleum industry that generated disorganized population growth, bringing socioeconomic, environmental, and demographic impacts to the region (IBGE, 2011). Protected Areas (PA) are considered in situ strategies (SELLARS, 1997) that contribute to the conservation of species, protect genetic resources, and scenic beauty and are areas of scientific research, recreation, and ecotourism (BENSUSAN, 2006). However, in Macaé, residents living around PAs generally do not participate in their management and do not have the right to decide on the use of the environment in which they live (LEAL, 2013). They are social groups with different forms of territorial appropriation, in this sense, it is observed that CUs are disputed territories. The present work is a preliminary result of my PhD research, in the interdisciplinary program of environmental sciences and conservation, of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. It covers three municipal PAs, using ethnographic research and interviews with members of the Environment Council, responsible for PA administration. The research consists of a literature review and the characterization of the mentioned area, in order to construct theoretical-empirical references. I try to understand whether the council is effective and whether the interests of the local people are represented in this democratic space.
Examining Longitudinal Relations between School Engagement, Externalizing Behaviors, and Academic Achievement
Virtual Poster Anjolii Diaz, Carlos Valiente, Jodi Swanson
The goal of this study was to examine concurrent and longitudinal relations between children’s school engagement and externalizing behaviors (EB) and their academic achievement. Identifying factors that influence achievement is important, as it is central to children’s future success, including academic progress, mental and physical health, and future employment. Nonetheless, few studies have used longitudinal data to investigate relations between early engagement (including feelings, behaviors, and thoughts about school) and EB as both may reciprocally influence each other in ways that affect later achievement. With a sample of 291 children (from kindergarten to second grade, a cross-lagged panel design was used with seven latent variables: Engagement (teachers’ reports on the Teacher Rating Scale of School Adjustment [Birch & Ladd, 1997] and School Liking and Avoidance Questionnaire [Ladd & Price, 1987]), and EB in kindergarten, first grade, and second grade (parent reports on the MacArthur Health and Behavior Questionnaire, Armstrong, 2003) and achievement in second grade (Woodcock-Johnson III). Structural equation modeling demonstrated relations only in one direction (i.e., EB predicted engagement) that weakened over time. Results also demonstrated that second-grade engagement predicted concurrent achievement. By examining a multidimensional construct of engagement, findings suggest that EB may have influence over negative attitudes toward school, noncompliance, and engagement in classroom activities. Additionally, children high in school engagement may place more importance on learning than less-engaged peers, which may explain why they perform better academically. Data support the development of interventions that focus on decreasing early externalizing behavior.
Effects of Stereotype Threat on Black and White Individuals’ Verbal Responses in Police Encounters
Virtual Poster Samantha Strine
I examined whether Black and White individuals have different verbal behaviors in police encounters and, if so, whether stereotype threat explains these differences. This question is important because police officers use certain verbal behaviors as evidence of deception. In this study, Black and White men interacted with a White security officer in a staged encounter that varied in stereotype relevance (low or high). The participants (n=72) also completed a measure of stereotype threat. Participants’ verbal responses were videorecorded, transcribed, and coded for words that reflected spatial and perceptual information, analytical thinking, affiliation, tone, authenticity, and cognitive processes. Black men reported experiencing more stereotype threat in the interaction than did White men, and stereotype threat increased as the relevance of the criminal stereotype went from low to high. Although neither race nor stereotype relevance influenced spatial or perceptual information, Black men used fewer authentic words than did White men. Also, all participants used more analytical thinking and affiliation words and more negative tone when stereotype relevance was high as compared to low. Use of words indicating cognitive processes decreased as stereotype relevance increased, and this effect was partially mediated by stereotype threat. These findings imply that race and stereotype relevance are related to verbal behaviors that could lead police officers to be more likely to perceive Black than White men as guilty. This could impact how the officer interacts with Black men and contribute to the cycle of mistrust and tension between Black individuals and police.
Psychological and Neuroscientific Approaches to Improving Online Education
Virtual Poster Veronica Wilson
As greater opportunities in online education arise, teaching practices and outcomes must continually be evaluated and enhanced to ensure that the students in online courses have the best experience possible. Consequently, the quality of online programs and courses have been examined through empirical studies that identify critical components of online education to improved. Some of these components include communication, technology, and pedagogy. Additionally, there been concerted efforts to examine how teaching practices can be improved by integrating the neuroscience of empathy into the online classroom. A lack of contact with students can distort the educator’s ability to properly gauge what students need. Further, a comprehensive literature review is needed to synthesize and connect the results of social neuroscientific studies to provide an integrative report on the very serious challenges educators are facing in online courses and methods to improve teaching practices. The purpose of this review is to inform educators, developers of curriculum, and higher education administration how empathy, grounded in neuroscience, can help to optimize the student experience and facilitate a more cohesive classroom for online courses.
Environmental Changes Through an Interdisciplinary Approach
Virtual Poster Sara Aparecida De Paula, Leonardo Freire De Mello
Debate over the planet's environmental changes have become increasingly interdisciplinary. An example of this is that in 2007 the International Panel for Climate Change published a report highlighting the role of human activities as central to these changes. Thus, environmental changes and populations are doubly influenced, that is, human activities, such as the way of production and exploitation of nature as a resource supplier for energy inputs and agriculture, for example, cause the emission of gases of the effect the resulting imbalances caused by this process. On the other hand, environmental changes directly affect the way of life of different societies. Thus, this abstract is part of a broader work in which we use the concept of Anthropocene (very widespread in the natural sciences) in a demographic perstective to understand how human activities affect the environment, and how this structure builds vulnerabilities in populations that are affected by environmental changes.
Merging Sustainable Tourism Pillars into the Business Plan Format for Tourism Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in Post Typhoon Haiyan Areas in the Philippines
Virtual Poster Blesilda Badoc-Gonzales, Belinda S. Mandigma, Jackson Tan
The study reviews a sustainable tourism business plan format for tourism micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in post Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan) areas. It melds the sustainable pillars of the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) in the crafting of a business plan format for tourism MSMEs located in post disaster areas to promote sustainable activities and contribute towards ecotourism resilience. The data gathering procedure and the creation of the proposed tourism business plan format anchored on the sustainable pillars which include tourism policy and governance; economic performance; investment and competitiveness; employment, decent work and human capital; poverty reduction and social inclusion; and sustainability of the natural and cultural environment. Data gathering started from qualitative data through content analysis of tourism plans of the local government units. This was supplemented by observation using photo documentation and qualitative interview with tourism planners and selected MSMEs in tourism support sector hotels and resorts. From the documents, data were extracted and measured using documentary analysis particularly qualitative content analysis employing deductive and inductive category approaches to extract the manifest and latent codes. Also, from the qualitative interview transcripts, data were evaluated via thematic analysis to note the emergent themes from the responses. Moreover, data were assessed using image content analysis through photo document representation to pave the way for the indexing and classification of the photos in the context of sustainability. Further, the collected data were analyzed with a MAXQDA app for qualitative data analysis.
Disentangling Xenophobic Attitudes in the European Union: Threat Perception, Economic Status, and Political Perspective
Virtual Poster Xinmei Feng
This study investigates the impact of threat perception, economic status, and political persepctive on xenophobic attitudes within the ethnic majority group in European Union. Specifically, we investigate the impacts of the aforementioned factors on one's ethnic preference for immigrants. Through SEM and logistic regression analysis, we discover that perceptions of cultural threat lead to one's ethnic preference for their same race, implying an assumed linkage between cultural opposition and racial opposition. We also discover that citizens tend to associate their country's overall well-being with preference for immigrants of the same race, but associate personal well-being with preference for immigrants of different races. Finally, we show evidence that people with right-wing ideologies tend to have stronger opposition toward the immigrant group, with immigrants of different races being more victimized.
