The Effects of Three Planning Conditions on the Complexity, Accuracy, Lexis, and Fluency in Spanish Adult EFL Learners’ Oral Production

This pilot study investigated the effects of three different planning conditions on the complexity, accuracy, lexis, and fluency of Spanish English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ oral production. Twenty participants engaged in three same-type tasks involving individual oral performance under...

The International Journal of Pedagogy and Curriculum

Common Ground Research Networks