Socio-political Background of the Buyids and the Development of “Kalam” Schools
During the reign of the Buyids, there were many political rivalries and wars among Muslims. The impact of these wars affected the majority of Muslims badly. However, this socio-political reality also coincides with the renaissance of Muslim intellectualism. The “mutakallimun” (Muslim theologians) de...
The International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society
Common Ground Research Networks