Calligraphic Ideograms, Plastic Poems, Spatialism, and Self-Referentiality

This article explores the evolution of Japanese concrete and visual poetry from the early 1920s until the 1970s. Even though Japanese poets were initially inspired by French Symbolism and the literary, phonetic, and visual tendencies of Dada and surrealism, their transcultural, multilingual, ideolog...

The International Journal of the Image

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