color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">One important concept related to recursive feedback is formative assessment. Recursive feedback refers to an ongoing process where feedback is continuously given, received, and used to improve learning. Instead of waiting until the end of a lesson or course to evaluate students, recursive feedback allows learners to receive guidance during the learning process so they can reflect, revise, and improve their understanding.

Formative assessment is a key strategy that supports recursive feedback. It involves regularly checking students’ progress and providing feedback that helps them improve their learning before a final assessment. Teachers can use different formative assessment methods such as quizzes, discussions, peer feedback, reflections, and short performance tasks. The goal is not only to measure learning but also to guide students toward improvement.

In Physical Education (PE), formative assessment plays an important role in helping students develop physical skills and healthy habits. For example, when I'm teaching a skill of sports such as basketball dribbling, I observe students’ performance and provide immediate feedback on their hand position, posture, and movement control. My Students can then adjust their technique based on the feedback and practice again. This cycle of practice, feedback, and improvement demonstrates recursive feedback in action.

Digital technology can also support recursive feedback in PE classes. Teachers may use mobile apps or video recordings to allow students to review their movements and receive feedback from teachers or peers. For example, students can record themselves performing an exercise and compare their performance with a demonstration video. This process helps them identify areas that need improvement and encourages self-reflection.

Recursive feedback through formative assessment supports continuous learning and skill development. It allows students to actively participate in their learning process and encourages them to reflect on their progress. By integrating formative assessment into lessons, teachers can create a learning environment where feedback is meaningful, supportive, and focused on improvement rather than simply evaluation.

References and Media

Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (1998). Assessment and Classroom Learning.

https://doi.org/10.1080/0969595980050102

Edutopia – Using Formative Assessment to Guide Learning

https://www.edutopia.org/article/formative-assessment

Formative Assessment as Recursive Feedback in Learning