background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(33, 37, 41);">The gender digital divide remains a significant issue at the intersection of technology and gender. This divide refers to persistent inequalities in access to, use of, and participation in digital technologies and the broader technology sector, based on gender. It is evident in several areas, including disparities in digital skills, internet access, representation in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields, and exposure to gender-biased technologies.

Key Aspects of the Gender Digital Divide

Access and Usage Gaps: Women are less likely than men to have access to the internet and digital devices, particularly in low-income countries. Globally, 70% of men use the internet, compared to 65% of women, resulting in approximately 244 million fewer women online. In Sub-Saharan Africa, only about 30% of women use the internet, compared to 40% of men.
Digital Skills Gap: Women are often less likely to possess the digital skills required for both basic online activities and advanced technology-related tasks. They are 25% less likely than men to know how to use information and communication technology (ICT) for basic purposes, such as applying simple arithmetic formulas in spreadsheets. According to UNESCO, men are four times more likely than women to have advanced ICT skills, such as computer programming.
Underrepresentation in STEM: Women remain significantly underrepresented in STEM education and careers. Across G20 countries, only 7% of ICT patents are generated by women, with the global average at just 2%. In technical fields such as artificial intelligence and data science, the proportion of female applicants is often less than 1%.
Gender Bias in AI: Artificial intelligence technologies, including voice assistants, frequently exhibit gender biases that reinforce stereotypes. For instance, voice assistants like Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa are typically programmed with female voices and designed to be polite and helpful, which can perpetuate traditional gender roles.

Implications of the Gender Digital Divide

Economic Disadvantage: The gender digital divide restricts women’s access to economic opportunities in the digital economy. The exclusion of women from the digital world has cost low- and middle-income countries an estimated $1 trillion over the past decade, with projected losses reaching $1.5 trillion by 2025.
Reinforcement of Gender Stereotypes: Gender biases in AI technologies can reinforce harmful stereotypes, perpetuating the perception that women are servile or submissive.
Limited Innovation and Progress: The underrepresentation of women in technology and AI development limits the diversity of perspectives and ideas, which can hinder innovation and societal progress. Equal participation is essential to ensure that technological advancements benefit all members of society.
Exacerbation of Inequalities: The gender digital divide intensifies existing inequalities, particularly for women and gender minorities in developing countries, rural areas, and lower-income populations.
Impact on Women’s Autonomy: The automation of jobs may negatively affect women’s economic autonomy and their opportunities in the labor market.

Addressing the Divide

Bridging the gender digital divide is essential for achieving gender equality, fostering inclusive economic development, and ensuring equitable digital transformation. Effective strategies include promoting digital literacy and skills among women, increasing access to affordable technology, encouraging women’s participation in STEM fields, and addressing gender biases in AI development.

The Gender Digital Divide: An Ongoing Challenge in Technology