Focused Discussions (Asynchronous Session)
Inclusive Physical Education - Reality or Utopia? : A Pilot Study View Digital Media
Focused Discussion Angela Magnanini
The growing trend of inclusive physical education relies on different traditions amongst the European countries. In Italy it has been following the legislation on educational inclusion since the 1970s. Students with special educational needs, regardless of their health condition, must actively participate in physical activities and sports together with all other students. The aim of this study is to carry out a pilot study showing if the regulation on physical education is actually matching with the practice of physical education at school in Italy. Thirty physical education teachers coming from high schools in Rome have been chosen with a well thought out sampling. During the school year 2019-2020, they have been required to fill in the Lieberman-Brian Inclusion Rating Scale for Physical Education (LIRSPE). The purpose of this rating scale is to evaluate the effort made by teachers to include people with disabilities in a general physical education environment. At the same time this study aims at verifying the efficiency of this scale in Italy, before actually adopting it with a wider sample. Based on the statistic analysis of the 28 items of the scale, the study (which considers also further international studies) shows the tendency to organize inclusive physical education classes. The study confirms the Italian school inclusion process, involving also physical education. Furthermore, it suggests the use of the scale for a wider use on the entire national area.
An Empirical Analysis of the Evolution Characteristics and Textual Content of Campus Football Policy in China View Digital Media
Focused Discussion Shangjun Zou
This paper provides an empirical analysis on the campus football policy texts to reveal the dynamic development of the micro system in the process of policy evolution. The selected policy contents are coded by constructing a two-dimensional analysis framework of campus football policy tool-policy objective, and the distribution differences of textual analysis units on X and Y dimensions are tested by using SPSS22.0. The results indicate: 1) The collaborative governance of multiple participants has become the main trend, and the guiding role of Chinese Football Association has gradually become prominent. 2) There were significant differences in the distribution of policy tools before the evolution at 95% confidence level(p=0.041). With environmental tools always maintaining the dominant position, the overall synergy of policy tool increased slightly. 3) There were significant differences in the distribution of policy objectives after the evolution at 90% confidence level(p=0.069). The competition system of policy objective has not received enough attention while the construction of institution and resource guarantee system has been strengthened. In conclusion, the upgraded version of campus football should promote the coordinated development of youth cultural learning and football skills, and strive to achieve more solid popularization, more scientific institution, more comprehensive resource guarantee and more adequate integration. Meanwhile, it is necessary to strengthen the collaborative allocation of policy tools and reasonable planning of policy objectives, so as to promote the high quality and sustainable development of campus football in the New Era.
