Navigating Complexities
Study on the State of Fosetyl-Al and Its Metabolites in Various Parts of Rice to Clarify the Ambiguous Pathway on the Fertilizer Use Pattern by Farmers in Thailand View Digital Media
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Prachathipat Pongpinyo
Paddy field trials were conducted in reversed decline study approach in the main rice production area of Thailand (Suphanburi and Pathumthani provinces) during August to November, 2018. Two paddy field trials were assigned into two controlled plots and two treated plots. Fosetyl-Al 80WG, as recommended rate incorporated with foliar fertilizer, was applied on the treated plots. The samples were collected on the zero-day, the 7th, 14th, 21st, 30th, 45th and 60th days after the last application. The samples were then analyzed for the residues of fosetyl and phosphonic acid in various parts of the rice which as paddy rice, white rice, husked rice, rice bran and hush and calculate expressed as fosteyl. In-house modified-QuPPe method used for the extraction step and then analysis by HPLC equipped with tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). The analysis method had been validated for all rice matrices. The limits of quantitation of this method were 0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg for fosetyl and phosphonic acid respectively. The results showed that there was no residue detected in the controlled plots. The residues in the treated plots continuously increased from the last application and then declined after the 14th day. The high concentration of the residues was mostly found in rice bran than others. Phosphonic fertilizer overuse can increase the amount of phosphonic acid residue in the analyzed samples. Thus, the study of phosphonic acid pathway requires more further studies to confirm the farmers’ fertilizer use pattern and to avoid the blocking of concerned products in international trade.
Consumer Perception and Behavior Regarding Entrepreneurial Food Projects
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Calin Gurau
The food industry is permanently evolving to answer not only more diversified needs/wants, but also to accommodate socio-political trends related to climate change and sustainability mitigation. Some proposed solutions are highly controversial, not only from a technology point of view, but also because of potentially-negative customers perceptions. To understand consumers’ preferences and anticipate their buying behavior regarding three alternative food offers: (i) bio-food (produced without chemical additives); (ii) artificial food, produced from laboratory-grown organic substances; and (iii) food produced from insect proteins, we designed an experimental methodology. A stand was set up in a shopping mall in the South of France, near other food outlets. 200 respondents have been invited to taste samples of food completely similar in appearance, in three different categories: bread, friend chicken breast, and a creamy cake. These samples were all based on traditional ingredients, the only difference being their label, on which it was written the name and a short description of the three food alternatives. After tasting these samples, consumers were asked to answer questions regarding their evaluation of these food alternatives both in general and on particular sensory characteristics, and finally, to rank their preference of each food alternative. More than 87% of respondents showed a clear preference for bio-food, the laboratory-produced alternative coming second with 11% of favorable respondents, and finally, the insect-based food, with only 2% of favorable respondents. Our study discusses and interprets these choices, proposing several criteria that influence consumers’ preferences, such as inertia, media campaigns, peer-pressure, and self-image.
Enzymatic Modification of Citroflavonoids: Naringin Acylation View Digital Media
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Elisa Gutiérrez Navarro, Daniel Padilla, Georgina Sandoval, Josue Raymundo Solís Pacheco
Naringin is a flavonoid that has been shown to be a good antioxidant nutraceutical ingredient (1), although its applications in final formulations represent a challenge due to its low solubility, both in water and in organic solvents. This study addresses this problem by functionalizing naringin through enzymatic acylation catalyzed by the immobilized lipase Candida antarctica lipase B and using acyl donors of different chain lengths.Acylation was performed using three different molar ratios (1:3, 1:5, 1:10) using acetonitrile as the reaction solvent, three activated acyl donors, acetate (C2), propionate (C3), and laurate (C12) vinyl esters, were used the reaction products and solubility were evaluated by HPLC.For naringin acetate and propionate, we found that the acylation reaction reached a maximum of 99.3% conversion at the three molar ratios in 24 h, while at 48 h, it reached 100% conversion, and for laurate, only 90% conversion was reached at 48 h. These improvements could enhance the use of naringin in the food and cosmetic industries, which is often limited by its low solubility in its mononacylated form.
