The Science of Food and Nutrition
Using Peanut Processing Waste as Functional Food Ingredients: Maximizing Value from Peanuts
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Lisa Dean
Roasted peanuts are a popular food with significant contents of high quality protein and favorable lipid profiles. Almost 2 million tons are produced each year in the USA valued at over a billion dollars at the farm level. Many peanut cultivars are now have fatty acid profiles comparable to olive oil with up to 80% monounsaturated content and more favorable lipid nutrition. Peanuts also contain significant levels of niacin, folates and Vitamin E. Current research in human nutrition has shown peanuts and peanut containing foods have health effects ranging from increased satiety to vasodilation. While the roasted seed is the most familiar part of the plant for food use, peanut flour, protein isolates, peanut oil and even peanut skins can be utilized to make appealing and health promoting processed products. While peanut allergies present a challenge in using peanuts and their byproducts in foods, they can be considered part of a healthy diet. In addition, by further processing, other parts of the peanuts such as skins and shells can be removed from the agricultural waste stream and used to produce both functional food ingredients and animal feed components. New methods for further processing of these waste materials will be presented.
Efficiency Analyses in Protein Content of Quinoa Submitted to Water Stress
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Antonio Pinto, Susana Fischer
Quinoa is a pseudocereal, which it grows as an annual herbaceous plant. Regarding their nutritional value, quinoa’s protein is consider of a high quality due to it has all the essential amino acids for human nutrition. Protein content of quinoa seed reaches 138 g kg-1 on average, with a high content of methionine (2.4-5.1%), tryptophan (0.7-1.0%), arginine, histidine and lysine (5.2-8.0%). Actually, 35% of the land area is arid or semi-arid affecting by water deficit causing an oxidative stress in plants and consequently irreparable damage in cell structures. There is scarce information about the effect of water restriction during quinoa development on the protein content in mature quinoa seeds. In this sense, this research used data obtained from field trials in Chile, and it was used DEA method to estimate technical efficiency level through quinoa seeds cultivars under water stress levels. The method estimated the more efficient cultivars in term of albumin and globulin protein levels as well as to define management related to water soil availability and protein levels.
Effect of Neonatal Orally Administered S-allyl Cysteine in High-fructose Diet Fed Wistar Rats
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Busisani Lembede
S-allyl cysteine (SAC), an organosulphur found in garlic, has antioxidant, antidiabetic and antiobesity properties. We hypothesized that neonatal oral administration of SAC would protect rats against neonatal and adulthood high-fructose diet-induced adverse metabolic outcomes in adulthood. In total, 112 (males=56; females=56), 4-day-old Wistar rat pups were randomly allocated to groups and administered the following treatment regimens daily for 15 days from postnatal day (PND) 6–20: group I – 10 ml/kg distilled water, group II – 10 ml/kg 20% fructose solution (FS), group III – 150 mg/kg SAC and group IV – SAC+FS. On PND 21, the pups were weaned and allowed to grow on a standard rat chow (SRC) until PND 56. The rats from each treatment regimen were then randomly split into two subgroups: one on a SRC and plain drinking water and another on SRC and 20% FS as drinking fluid and then subjected to these treatment regimens for 8 weeks after which they were euthanized and tissues collected for analyzes. Neonatal oral administration of SAC attenuated the neonatal high-fructose diet-induced programming for hepatic lipid accretion in adulthood but not against adulthood high-fructose diet-induced visceral obesity. Neonatal oral administration of SAC programmes for protection against neonatal fructose-induced programming for hepatic lipid accumulation thus could potentially protect against fat-mediated liver derangements in adult life.
