Sixteenth International Conference on New Directions in the Humanities

Abstract

Over centuries many states rose and others fell. Each of those states had multiple reasons, different methods, and a variety of objectives for its fall or rise, but they all share one common factor represented as the urgent desire to stay and continue as a state for the longest time possible. Perhaps it’s important to know that the factors for the rise of states or the reasons for their fall is not modern, but is old from several ages, changed and transformed depending on the circumstances of each state and the factors surrounding it. Careful examination of Islamic history finds many states which lasted for hundreds of years and other which lasted only for tens. This disparity in the life of the states has its causes and factors in which states remain and expand and grow in power and richness not only in their surrounding region but even worldwide such as Abbasid and Mamluk states and others and there were countries that could not hold up for a few years such as the Amiriyah state. Trying to understand how nations rose and fell formed a central interest with researchers and those interested in history such as Ibn Khaldoun. The paper thus explores some reasons for the rise of states and their steadfastness and collapse. The study uses Ibn Khaldun’s theory relating to a state’s rise and collapse. I selected Ibn Khaldun because he is the most prominent Arab Islamic personality who tried through some of his books to explain a state’s succession and how they rose and fell across generations and certain phases. To prove the validity of Ibn Khaldun’s idea, we started this research, in which we went back through the books and historical sources that dealt with the biographies of three countries which are the Fatimid, Mamluk, and Amiriyah states which are the research area so we can compare them with Ibn Khaldun’s vision and his opinion on nations’ phases and generations. As a result, the paper divides the research into several main parts comparing Ibn Khaldun’s opinion and philosophy in countries and their different stages and successive generations.