Reorientations (Asynchronous Session)
Extreme Weather and Humanitarian Aid: Impacts of Extreme Weather and Humanitarian Aid Response on Household Welfare in Malawi View Digital Media
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Nancy McCarthy
We use a unique dataset that combines household-level survey data with World Food Programme (WFP) delivery data, and GIS-based measures of weather shocks and climate conditions in order to evaluate the impact of both aid and weather shocks on consumption outcomes. To better understand the pattern of WFP deliveries and potential geographic targeting errors, we evaluate which GIS-based measures of droughts and floods predicted maize yields and aid deliveries. We find that the best predictors of maize yields do not predict WFP deliveries. We next analyze the factors that predict household receipt of food aid under weather shocks, which we instrument in the consumption outcome regressions using WFP deliveries. We find that both weather shocks and WFP deliveries have a positive impacts on aid receipt, though there is also evidence of WFP targeting errors. We then evaluate the impacts of weather shocks and aid on our consumption outcomes. For weather shocks, we control for both a current-period only and sequential weather shocks. Results show that weather shocks have a negative impact on non-food consumption, and that sequential shocks in particular have significant negative impacts on the food-based consumption variables. Aid receipt has fewer significant impacts, but does increase non-food expenditures, the food consumption score and school participation rates under sequential shocks. In some specifications, the value of food consumed and calories per capita are also higher when aid is interacted with sequential shocks.
Damaged Area Assessment of Cultivated Agricultural Lands Affected by Cyclone Bulbul in Coastal Region of Bangladesh View Digital Media
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Md Shamsuzzoha, Tofael Ahamed
The objective of this research was to develop a new damaged area assessment (DAA) method to measure the area in tropical cyclone-affected coastal regions of Bangladesh. In this research, the Kalapara sub-district of Bangladesh was considered in the development of a DAA method using Landsat 8 OLI and TIRS datasets. The weighted-overlay method was incorporated with a pix-code sum (plus+) operation on the NDVI-CTC (CD-5), SAVI-CTC (CD-6) and SMI-CTC (CD-8) datasets to determine the expected damage type classes (DTCs). The plus+ operation was developed with a conditional pseudo-code algorithm to determine the affected agricultural land areas. We found that the undamaged area in square km was 7.71 (2.5%), slightly damaged area was 32.96 (10.66%), moderately damaged area was 79 (25.56%); very damaged area was 131.56 (42.56%), and extremely damaged area was 57.85 (18.72%). We separately assessed point DAA through a total of 420 reference point observations on agricultural lands in the study area. We randomly observed that totals of 4 points (0.95%), 13 points (3.10%), 52 points (12.38%), 205 points (48.81%) and 146 points (34.76%) were calculated to represent the undamaged, slightly damaged, moderately damaged, very damaged and extremely damaged ground point areas, respectively. These ground reference points were accurately matched in the area using DAA to validate the damaged areas. The DAA method with DTCs could be helpful for researchers creating new disaster risk reduction policies to help local farming communities prepare an effective cyclone mitigation plan at the regional level of the country to reduce losses and risks.
Global Challenge - Switching Coal for Renewables: Two Scenarios for a Renewable Future View Digital Media
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Juan David Cruz Negrete
Society should follow a pathway for reducing emissions toward a better future. Here are ideas considered in this study: 1. Replacing coal for renewables. After observing the data about coal consumption, provided by Enerdata, and bp, the planet continuous to increase its consumption (+0,7 ~ 0,9 %), result led by Asia (+8%), in particular, China and India. The positive behaviors are shown by USA (lowest consumption level in 40 years) and the EU (reduction for the sixth year in a row). The coal global production grew around in a 1,9% led by China (45% of the global production). According with coal trade, coal level of imports increased in the highest amount in four years; China and India represent the 35% of total imports worldwide. Energy has multiple sources, this analysis chose coal because of the total fuels emissions, coal represents the highest level of emissions (44%), while oil emits (33%), and Gas (23%). 2. Moving toward renewables. Contrary to this bleak panorama, the share of renewables in the global energy mix is growing, and the protagonists are: European Union and Latin America. In 2018, the renewables represented the 26% of total electricity production. Switching to renewables is clever because, in a finite planetary carbon budget: a 50% chance of limiting warming to ≤2°C by 2050, and taking into account the global emissions until 2018, it is only allowed to emit 26,19 GtCO2/year (let’s remember the last levels of emission, 2017: 36,8 GtCO2, and 2018: 37,1 GtCO2).
Changing Water and Landscapes - Actors in Spatial Planning: Methodologies of Strategic Assessment and Reorientation View Digital Media
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Kristine C. V. Holten Andersen
After industrialism, spatial planning in growth-cities of Denmark are oriented towards branding strategies and Compact-City models, viewing increased urban density, as key to compatible and sustainable growth. Socio-economic prompting replaces socio-functional master planning, and primary actors shifts from public to private. Climate Change and the Anthropocene is now pushing non-human actors such as changing water bodies and local landscapes and ecologies on stage of spatial planning, calling for yet a shift of paradigm. A re-orientation, which requires a transit from the current dis-orientation, considering the Human exclusive actors and the Urban detached from the earthly systems. These years, the municipal planning practice of Aarhus is constructing a pioneer blue-green Theme Plan, which could arguably be seen as an endeavour of such a reorientation. Through a real-time case study of early faces of the planning efforts, and an Actor-Network-Theoretical framework, I have gained unique insights in the state of the current (dis)orientation and the struggles to overcome it. My research support that pivotal landscape properties only partially has been addressed and assessed, as either interests of protection or externalities of design solutions in the preceding planning praxis. In a Strategic Planning and Critical Zone perspective the methodologies applied lacks projective approaches and strategical scopes, as well as the ability to consider them dynamic relational systems and actors with agency to actually transform urban form and metabolism. Preliminary tests of enhancing further strategical and earthly oriented approaches, by utilizing methods from Landscape Architectural Practice in the planning context, show promising results.
