Twenty-first International Conference on Environmental, Cultural, Economic & Social Sustainability

Abstract

The phenotypic flexibility and adaptability of freshwater fish can lead to morphological and structural changes in response to variations in their environment. The study of these responses is of paramount importance in understanding the vulnerability of these species to environmental perturbations, whether of natural or anthropogenic origin. In this research, we used an altitudinal gradient as an indicator of environmental variations and examined its impact on fish morphology. We chose barbels, which occupy four different geographical stations, as biogeographical samples. We explored correlations between several variables using biological, ecological, morphological, and environmental analyses. Analyses of water quality revealed its improvement upstream, favoring the isolation of Luciobarbus callensis reveling its adaptation to high altitudes, while downstream, the disappearance of Luciobarbus magniatlantis highlighted the sensitivity of these populations to variations in environmental quality. Ait Ourir barbels showed a reduction in the distance between their dorsal and pectoral fins as they moved upstream, while Tamgounnssi barbels showed an increased eye diameter and maximum body depth. In contrast, upstream barbel from Mriouate and Zerouane showed higher values for eye diameter, with Mriouate showing a longer pre-orbital distance and Zerouane a shorter pre-orbital distance. These observations suggest potential adaptations of fish to different environmental conditions along the altitudinal gradient, in response to thermal and hydrological variations. Other morphometric and functional characteristics were also influenced by selective environmental factors. These results highlight the sensitivity of barbel to climate change, paving the way for future studies in the field of ecological conservation.