Divine Ideals
Marianismo, Virgen de Guadalupe, and Juan Luis Vives
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Alba Elizabeth Melgar, Gloria Velásquez
It is affirmed that Marianismo, was born with Juan Luis Vives in the Court of Henri the VIII, during the XVI century. The cult of Jesus mother was exported by Spain to its Colonies in América. Here, Marianismo was accepted and confirmed with the apparition of the Virgin Mary to Juan Diego, a Mexican Indian, in 1531. This event interpreted as miraculous by Catholics is also seen as a manipulation of the ignorance of the Colonial natives to replace their ancestral traditions for those of conquers. Vives, Spanish philosopher, was requested by Catalina, Queen of England to write a manual of instructions to educate the young Princess Mary. The Manual is a systematic discussion of the behavior, dress code, diet, and reading materials appropriate to a woman as maid, wife, and widow. "The Instruction of the Christian Women", became the Vade Mecum to young women and his ideal of women was adopted by European and Latin American Societies alike. The core of Vives’ educational principles is based on giving pleasure to men, since women were destined to be men’s companions for life. And according to Vives there is nothing worse than having for companion a useless, stupid, and ignorant woman. Maria, Jesus mother, became the prototype of women educated according to the Christian Principles of Vives’ Manual. This ideal woman conceived at the image of the mother of Jesus, is the core of Marianismo. In exploring this history, we affirm that Marianismo was born with Juan Luis Vives in 1493.
Interpretation of Armenia's Religious Heritage in Tourism Practices
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Pawel Plichta, Anna Duda
Armenia, which was the first Christian state in the world, has the most ancient symbols and places of worship for its religion. The cultural heritage of the country, which has returned to the forefront of foreign news in recent months, is for many reasons a unique example of the importance of a particular group in the history and the continuity of the influence of religion on the identity of its members. The key element of this heritage is architecture, especially religious buildings, which is a unique combination of elements of nature in the form of stones and rocks with human civilization achievements in the design of, among others, places of worship for which the country is commonly called "Hajastan-Qarastan" ("Armenian country/place - country/place of stone". Churches, chapels, monastic complexes, khachkars, combined with the dominant mountain landscape, remain attractive places also in terms of tourism. Considering the great cultural and religious significance of the selected six places for Armenians, it was decided to investigate how this heritage is interpreted in the tourist practices of the representatives of the Armenian diaspora and foreign tourists visiting them. he following places were selected: 1) Echmiadzin Cathedral 2) Khor Wirap Monastery 3) Zwartnoc Cathedral 4) Geghard Monastery Complex 5) Goszawank Monastery and 6) Tatev Monastery. In this study such aspects are analyzed: opinions and recommendations of these places, published on the TripAdvisor - as short traveling texts.
