Nineteenth International Conference on Interdisciplinary Social Sciences

Abstract

This paper examines the gender challenges faced by refugee populations in their country of destination, focusing on their experiences in Frankfurt, Germany. This formative research initiative explores how gender shapes the lives of refugee populations in their country of destination. Twenty in-depth interviews were conducted with refugees of Pakistani, Syrian, Afghan, and Iranian nationalities in Frankfurt am Main between August and September 2019 and follow up interviews were conducted in 2022. The results show that refugees perceive masculinity as involving assertiveness, being the breadwinner, and protecting the family, often with limited intimate relations with women due to social norms in their country of origin. Interestingly, respondents adapted these masculine attributes in their new environment to attain social and economic stability, especially in intimate relationships. However, these adaptations were situational and context-dependent, occurring within specific spaces and types of interactions. In the host country, gender roles for sons and daughters displayed significant disparities. Sons were expected to conform to masculine norms, such as freely choosing their life partners, while daughters were expected to adhere to traditional feminine roles, including modest dress and abstaining from alcohol and premarital relationships. The research concludes that refugee masculinities undergo ongoing negotiation, influenced by situational and contextual factors. However, daughters may face challenges in these negotiations, as they are expected to adhere strictly to normative feminine roles, potentially leading to feelings of alienation. Gender and sexuality education for refugees is crucial to promote respect for cultural differences and ensure equitable treatment for all.