Gendered Considerations
One Female Wong Pinter (Javanese Shaman) among the Forty: A Study on Javanese Feminism
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Sartini Sartini
Wong Pinter is one of the traditional healers in Java characterized by the ability to heal or help to solve life problems, not asking for rewards, doing ascetic steps, avoiding bad deeds, and being a role model in society. The results of previous studies show data that found only one female wong pinter among nearly forty wong pinters have been studied. Thus it is interesting to study, why the number of female wong pinters is very little compared to the number of male wong pinters. This study explores why this happened. The research method is done by literature review, by tracing Javanese concepts of women. Analysis is done by connecting the findings about the reasons a a person becomes a wong pinter and the activities undertaken, taking into consideration the Javanese concepts of woman. One of the reasons there are so few women in this role is that becoming a wong pinter requires doing a lot of ascetic steps and activities, including in the implementation of "tetulung" (helping), which are not possible requirements for most Javanese women based on the basic provisions of Javanese ethics regarding the position and ideal of women.
Colombians Rejected Peace: The Representation of Gender as a Dangerous Ideology in the Peace Process 2016
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Angela Maria Bohorquez Oviedo
President Juan Manuel Santos and the FARC rebels began the eleventh formal peace talks in 2012. Colombians feared the inclusion of gender at the peace negotiation table. Christian evangelical leaders and two former right-wing politicians affirmed that gender was a "dangerous ideology," arguing that “the antichrist is in Colombia” and “the accord was agreed with voodoo” while provoking fear of modifying traditional family values and promoting homosexuality. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate how the newspapers "El Tiempo" and "El Espectador" represented gender online as "gender ideology" for undermining the construction of a peaceful society and leading 50.2% of Colombian voters to reject the final proposal. This study will combine the Foucauldian perspective of the power of discourse with Judith Butler’s conception of gender as a social construction to interpret how the Christian evangelical and right-wing politicians altered the framework of the original peace agreement. From Stuart Hall’s lens, mass media will be analyzed as enterprises with functions of symbolic and cultural construction of meanings. These Colombian newspapers reveal their discursive power to represent gender as a fixed natural order to understand social relations and disseminate the manipulation of conservative forces for delegitimizing arguments in favor of gender equality.
The Design of Narratives to Address Gender-based Violence: Matlakala's Story as a Case Study
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Piet Swanepoel
This paper focuses on the design of narrative interventions that research has shown to be effective in changing the causes of the violent behavior of men. In South Africa the campaigns against gender-based violence during the sixteen days of activism have come under severe attack, amongst others, for their inability to change the violent behavior of men. Narratives are often used as strategies for these campaign interventions, despite the fact that no conclusive evidence has been forthcoming on their efficacy as strategy to change the violent behavior of men and little research has been forthcoming that focus in depth on how precisely the elements of a narrative have to be designed to effectively address the major factors that theory-driven empirical research has shown to cause the violent behavior of South African men. In this paper the focus is on the design of the elements of narrative interventions that research has shown to be effective in changing the causes of the violent behavior of men. Empirical research on the causes of the inaction of victims, perpetrators, occasional and professional bystanders, and supporters, and their design in terms of rhetorical narrative elements are discussed using the design of a number of narrative GBV interventions, especially "Matlakala's Story," as examples.
Sport Interest and Exercise Data Preferences: Variations across Age, Gender and Location
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Gülden Turhan
The purpose of study is twofold. The first question we ask is how sport interests vary across gender, age and location. The second question is what is the difference between women and men in terms of the most preferred exercise type. A voluntary sample is made up of 62 men and 262 women. Participants who studied in Nottingham Trent University are in age from 18 to 30. Two alternative locations were presented to them to reply where they live including a metropolitan and a rural community. The variance analyses show that sport interest changes significantly across gender - not for individuals of different ages and living in different locations.According to the regression analysis results, gender has significant influence on sport interest, but age and location have no such effect. Men have more sport interest than women. The most preferred exercise type by men are gym training, football, and jogging and by women, gym, jogging, and swimming. Out of male participants, there is no one taking part in cheerleading, club dancing, dodge ball, gymnastics, lacrosse or netball. The sport the women don’t prefer is cricket. The preferred rate of the yoga, fitness and hiking by women is sharply higher than by men. As for exercise data, men are very interested in almost all the data except for body temprature and respiration rate. Women’s interest towards exercise data differs from men related to distance, calories burned, heart rate, speed, pace, steps, altitude, and ascent and decent.
