National Concerns
Compensating Differentials and Preferences for Occupational Fatality Risk: Evidence from the Mexican Drug War
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Miguel Antonio Delgado Helleseter, Kevin Thomas Schnepel
The escalation in violence in recent years resulting from the Mexican government's war on drug trafficking has caused a large and unprecedented increase in workplace fatality risk for workers in Mexico. We exploit this increase in violence to estimate a compensating differential for fatality risk using panel data constructed from a national employment and occupation survey. We also provide estimates of the value of a statistical life (VSL) in Mexico. Our results imply a VSL for a nationally representative sample of Mexican workers that is well below the range of estimates typically found in developed countries, which is consistent with the notion that health and safety are normal goods.
Advancing Inclusion of Migrants in National Political and Development Processes: Diaspora Philanthropy and the Overseas Vote of Migrant Filipinos
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Maria Divina Gracia Roldan
The main question the paper poses is: How do migrants, in this case overseas Filipinos, participate in national development and political processes through diaspora philanthropy and overseas voting? More specifically, what is the policy framework that enable overseas Filipinos to participate in Philippine elections; what are the forms of diaspora philanthropy among overseas Filipinos? In what development areas do they contribute?; and what is the role of government, migrant organizations, and other key actors in fostering links of overseas Filipinos to their country of origin? Documentary analysis of laws and program materials are made to ascertain existing initiatives for overseas Filipinos. Reports from government and non-government migrant organizations on the conduct and results of overseas voting in the 2010, 2013, and 2016 elections also are examined. Data on donations coursed through the Lingkod sa Kapwa Pilipino (LINKAPIL) program are evaluated to ascertain which areas overseas Filipinos have contributed to. Interviews are conducted among key informants in government agencies and migrant organizations to determine their roles. The paper provides insights to decision-makers in various levels (e.g., government, migrant organizations, local government units) on how to harness resource inputs of migrants to promote civic and political participation in national development.
State Defense Values of Indonesia to Unify the Nation: Diversity Viewed from the State Ideology of “Pancasila”
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Novky Asmoro
The Indonesian Constitution Article 27 paragraph 3 states that every citizen shall have the right and obligation to participate in the defense of the state. Therefore, it is necessary to have a state defense mechanism that is highly defensive, optimal, and effective based on the full awareness of its citizens in the principle of independence of their own ability. Starting from that, the "State Defense (Bela Negara)" as an effort to implement the state defense system will be effective if there is total participation of its citizens. In order to raise the awareness and ability to defend the effective defensive state, several concrete efforts are needed to establish the solidity of the Indonesian Five Principles, called “Pancasila,” as a state philosophy. It was determined that "Bela Negara" is an entry point for the application of Pancasila in everyday life in stemming biased efforts and intervening among ideologies such as religious fundamentalism, socialism, liberalism, and communism. In this paper, analyzed through qualitative methods the relationship between the state defense system and the achievement of Pancasila as the state philosophy to unify the diversity of the nation is explored. After conducting the qualitative research, it would ask the research question if the five values of a “Defense State” could solve the complexity of the social problem in Indonesia? Active participation of the community should be actively encouraged through formal sector roles such as schools, government institution, and the Indonesian Armed Forces as well as Indonesian Police. The strong commitment of the citizen, and the active participation of the people to the integrity of all components of the nation will be the key to the success of the state defending program to be accepted by all parties in this country.
