Thirteenth Global Studies Conference

Abstract

This study considers the relations between India and Pakistan, which have been complex and largely hostile due to a number of historical and political events. Relations between the two states have been defined by the violent partition of British India in 1947, the Kashmir conflict, and the numerous military conflicts between the two nations. Consequently, their relationship has been plagued by hostility and suspicion. Currently after the Jammu and Kashmir Re-organisation Bill, Pakistan cut off bilateral and trade relations with India, recalled the Pakistani ambassador to India, and expelled the High Commissioner of India to Pakistan. The partition of the former British India displaced up to 12.5 million people, with estimates of loss of life varying from several hundred thousand to one million. Soon after their independence, India and Pakistan established diplomatic relations, but the violent partition and numerous territorial claims would overshadow their relationship. Since their independence, the two countries have fought three major wars, one undeclared war, and have been involved in numerous armed skirmishes and military standoffs. There have been numerous attempts to improve the relationship. However, these efforts have been impeded by periodic terrorist attacks. The 2001 Indian Parliament attack almost brought the two nations to the brink of war. The 2007 Samjhauta Express bombings, which killed 68 civilians was also a crucial point in relations. Additionally, the 2008 Mumbai attacks carried out by Pakistani militants resulted in a severe blow to the ongoing India-Pakistan peace talks.