Global Models
Review Paper on Understanding Transculturalism Through a Global Perspective : Cultural Models
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Sharal T. Correa, Neeta Inamdar
The specific essentials for acceptance by a receiving culture differ significantly from nation to nation. The nature of this description also reveals the point that the obligation for integration relies not with one specific body, but rather with several factors such as the immigrants themselves, the institutions, the host government, and communities (Penninx, 2003). The models of multiculturalism and interculturalism were presumed to be the workable models resulting in integration and subsequently initiating the progress of humanity dodging the qualms of founding a peaceful global society. However, these concepts are alleged to have resulted in certain implications and researchers in the area of cultural studies now recommend the model of transculturalism which has set to offer a win-win solution to all who want to experience emancipation from the strongholds of their native cultures. This study enables one understand the usefulness of the model of transculturalism in the wide-ranging societal occurrences in the contemporary times. The purpose of this paper is to present the evolution of the varied cultural models eventually narrowing down to the model of transculturalism.
“Motivation” to Rape: The Role of Autonomy and Heteronomy in Peacekeeping Operations
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Michał Pawiński
In the past thirty years, after the Cold War period, the significance of the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations has increased. The intention is to bring stability and peace to war-torn countries. An important ingredient of any mission success is based on peacekeepers themselves. Unfortunately, instead of security and safety, they frequently bring further misery and pain to the local societies. Sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) remain a major problem in most peacekeeping operations. The past research focused on ways to mitigate the behavioral outcomes of SEA, however, it is not possible to eliminate it without changing the core behind any behavior, namely, motivation. The current research on combat motivation is based on the concept of cohesion that is formed by socialization processes toward the desired group prototype. This research argues that the consequence of this process is heteronomous motivation that requires increased self-regulatory capacities and therefore has a negative impact on task performance of peacekeepers, including a heightened risk of failure by committing SEA. The research is proposing an alternative model of combat motivation by illustrating the positive role on task performance and self-regulatory capacities of autonomy and choice.
Globalism and Nationalism Experienced Locally
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Vandana Pednekar Magal
Until recently, discussions about globalization remained mainly of scholarly interest. In the globalization literature the word 'globalization' is associated with divergent, often contradictory meanings. Scholars point to the economic logic of globalization. Others underline a complex phenomenon involving a number of causes - technological, socio-cultural - that have replaced nationally separate social life with transnational, integrated modes of society. Around 2015, the word 'globalization' made a thrust into popular discourse, remarkably through anti-globalization rhetoric surrounding the Brexit vote - Britain's referendum vote to leave the European Union. Shortly after, anti-globalization rhetoric steered by Donald J. Trump also shaped populist insurgent politics in the United States in 2016 that ultimately won him the presidency. In popular discourse as well, the word 'globalization' is connected with a vista of connotations and is linked economic process as well as with contradictory and often contested local themes about identity, territory, immigration, and cultural conflict. This paper draws out the recent themes or meanings of globalization as they played out in different variations across spatial locations and underlines how the discourse about globalization is poly centric and susceptible to turns in world affairs.
Moving Forward: The Global Digital Shadow Economy and Its Impact On South Asia
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Jia Hao Chan
The traditional shadow economy commonly associated with the subsistence and rural, has in recent years expanded into the sphere of a trans urban-rural digital economy. This is made easier through the rise of development and usage in the Internet of Things (IOT) as well as digital platforms. While governments and compliance experts worldwide are still tackling in a bid to shrink a massive traditional shadow economy through anti-money laundering efforts, the rise of digital economy and commercial activities it encompasses, however complicates the efficiency and usage of traditional compliance mechanisms. As a result, the digital shadow economy’s expansion can cause both national economic problems to become more severe, especially in the case of South Asia countries, that still possess a significantly large and unregulated informal economy.
