Societal Shifts
Lost Internationalism for Today’s “Global Turn” in Museums of Modern Art
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Gwendoline Farrelly
On January 27, 2017, the President of the United States of America issued an Executive Order to ban citizens of seven countries from entering the US: Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen. The Museum of Modern Art in New York (MoMA) responded by installing works by artists of those seven countries throughout the Museum, replacing canonical works by Pablo Picasso and other western artists –often for the first time-- with rarely (if ever) seen works from their own collection. These works revealed that the modernist art acquired at MoMA between the 1930s and 1960s engaged forms and languages of modernism outside of the so-called western art world. Thus far, these works and the internationalist turn they reflect have been considered anomalous to MoMA’s central aims, goals, and aesthetic values of the period, which is otherwise known for its codification of the canon that gives primacy to white, male artists of the western art centers. This paper probes this lost, or submerged, history of internationalism to understand more fully the character, vision, effects, and aesthetics of MoMA’s internationalism and to inquire as to the viability of this moment as a point of comparative study for the role and intent of museums in the age of globalization.
The Great Crime Decline: Identifying the Causes of Massive Descreases in Violent Crimes Rates in the United States
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Jeffrey Ogbonna Ogbar
This papers explores the significant drop in violent crimes in the United States, from 1990-2015. The study gives attention to a range of public and private efforts to address a surging crime rate that swept the country in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Despite generally-accepted assumptions that a weak economy, with high unemployment and increased poverty would lead to increased crime rates after the Great Recession began in 2007, scholars and policy makers were surprised to witnessed continued decline in violent crime rates. This paper considers the convergence of a host of important shifts in public policy, as well as cultural changes, and the influence of new technologies and elements in popular culture to explain the decline, offering heretofore unpublished theories on the decline.
Are Jordanian Women Transcending Gender Norms? : A Qualitative Analysis of Non-traditional Work
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Lina Khraise
This research looks at how women navigate their motives and careers in non-traditional work with regards to norms. Forty-two women from various occupations, socioeconomic classes, and formal and informal sectors in Amman, Jordan were interviewed. Vignettes were presented to encourage discussion on topics of job choice, norms about women in the workplace, and work experience. The interviews revealed that through daily interactions women negotiate with families, male colleagues, and institutionalised norms to change perceptions about suitable sectors and work hours. The extent that the women navigated their careers around these structural factors differed by class, occupation, and sector. Where some women found niches in their area of work and created enclaves that complied with social norms, other women chose to further engage in non-traditional work and directly challenged social norms by entering construction worksites, working in male dominated workplaces, and taking on night shifts.
Nursing Now: Changing the World by Empowering Self and Others
Paper Presentation in a Themed Session Jennifer Anastasi
Health is central to human welfare and our continued existence. This paper describes the emergence of global nursing as a sustainable reality. Lord Crisp’s UK Triple Impact Model for Sustainable Development report, published in 2016, concluded that Universal Health Coverage will not be achieved without developing nursing globally. Nurses are the largest part of the professional health workforce and provide an enormous amount of care and treatment worldwide; however, they are very often under-valued and under-utilised. In response to the report, the Nursing Now movement has emerged and is stimulating the most remarkable global mobilisation of healthcare resources that we have ever seen. The campaign, launched in early 2018, is a collaboration between the World Health Organisation and the International Council of Nurses that has unified nurses internationally by advancing the status and profile of the profession. Nursing Now aims to increase nursing influence on global and national health policy, boost investment and engagement in nursing and midwifery education, develop consistency in professional regulation mechanisms, improve conditions of employment, and strengthen leadership and capacity for innovative practice. This paper shares examples of how these ideals are being actioned around the world. It is predicted that nurses will have an even more significant impact across the achievement of the global sustainable development goals in the future.
