Abstract

Leishmaniasis is the main tropical infection of public health significance. Leishmania sp. is a protozoan intracellular flagellate responsible for causing three types of human body Leishmaniasis. Cutaneous leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis are reported in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the parasites intermediate hosts, sand flies are also reported in the Kingdom. There are several factors that play important role in leishmaniasis prevalence and transmission. According to Saudi health reports, cutaneous leishmaniasis is mainly spread in Al-Quaseem region while visceral leishmaniasis is distributed in Jazan region, no cases of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is documented in Saudi Arabia. Leishmaniasis is reported mainly in residents and Saudi males than others. This article highlights on two kinds of leishmaniasis in Saudi Arabia with emphasis on all factors related to increase their prevalence and documents the great efforts to address the disease in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.