Impact of Urbanization and Globalization on Environmental Quality in Mozambique

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Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the nexus between urbanization, globalization, and CO2 emissions in Mozambique using time series data for the period 1980–2013. A bound testing approach to cointegration and error correction models of an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model was applied for long-run relationships, and the Toda–Yamamoto causality test was used for causal analysis. The ARDL coefficients indicated that GDP per capita, globalization, and urbanization induce CO2 emissions in the long run, whereas access to electricity reduces emissions. Moreover, access to electricity, GDP per capita, and urbanization enhance carbon emissions in the short run. A bi-directional causality exists between globalization and CO2 emissions. Thus, appropriate green development programs that promote renewable energy should be designed to enhance environmental quality in urban areas. Further, designing sustainable urban planning policies and maintaining a sustainable lifestyle are recommended.