Physical Education: Exercise and Mental Health
Learning Module
- Creator(s):
This learning Module addresses the concepts of a Physical Education environment. As students progress through Physical Education programs, they will need to understand the differences between types of physical activities. In order to help students become lifelong participants of physical activity, the module covers multiple types of physical activity that can be done individually or in a team/group setting.
At the end of the module, the last focus is mental health. Physical activity is closely related to movement. This component discusses how people that participate in physical activity tend to have better overall mental health.
The main topics of focus are individual sports, team sports, strength training, endurance training, speed training, High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), yoga, and mental health. This module would be considered appropriate for students in the high school setting.
As a previous Physical Education and Health teacher, I believe there is an importance to be physically active throughout life. As this lesson is intended for high school students that may elect to take the course online, it can be modified to reach learners from teens to adults.
Assessment
There will be multiple components to the assessment of the students. Each student will complete updates for each lesson. The students will also make at least 3 comments on other students’ updates that will create a discussion. Students will take a survey about their experiences with physical activity and participation in sports and exercise. There will be a peer-reviewed project based on an individual short term goals for participation in physical activity.
Rubric:
10 Points for completing an update. The update will need to be at least 150 words related to the lesson. The update needs to include one (1) reference and one (1) media.
-4 points for being 150 words, 3 points for a reference, 3 points for a media
10 Points for completing at least 3 comments each focus. The student will respond to an author's post. These comments need to be at least 50 words and relate to the post.
-3 points per comment, 1 point for at least 50 words for all comments
20 Points for completing a survey. The students will need to complete a survey at the beginning of the course. Points will be given on completion of the survey.
-Completed survey will be 20 points. Non completed survey will be a 0
70 points for completing a peer-reviewed individual short-term goals plan
- Points for the goals plan work 1, peer reviewing other students' work, revised goals plan from the feedback
Overall
80 Points for updates
80 Points for comments
20 Points for completion of survey
70 Points for peer-reviewed individual short-term goals plan
Total
250 points for all components
Learning Outcomes
The goal of this course is to help students identify different types of physical activity and how they tie into mental health. Physical activity has an impact on a person's mental health. There are multiple types of activities that students can participate in both individually or as a group.
After this learning module is completed, a student will be able to:
Identify types of individual sports that are competitive and for leisure
Identify types of team sports
Identify different types of exercise models
Describe and explain the different types of trainings
Identify health benefits of participating in sports
Identify health benefits of participating in multiple types of physical training
Set realistic short term goals to increase their competencies related to the concepts
Set realistic long term goals to increase their competencies related to the concepts
Module Duration:
12 days (1 hour per focus area including survey and peer-reviewed material)
The model is designed for a student to spend approximately 1.5 hours per focus area
The Illinois State Board of education has created state goals for educators to implement during different phases of education. Each of the following goals are reflective for students in early high school. These goals can be demonstrated through an online platform that allows students to work at their own pace.
19.B.4a Analyze various movement patterns for efficiency and effectiveness.
20.A.4a Interpret the effects of exercise/physical activity on the level of health-related and skill-related fitness.
20.B.4b Prepare an individual health related fitness profile and evaluate fitness level on each component.
20.C.4a Set realistic, short-term, health related fitness goals based on individual profiles
20.C.4d Design and implement a personal fitness program
21.A.4c Complete a given task on time.
22.A.4b Analyze possible outcomes of effective health promotion and illness prevention (e.g., reduction in stress, improved fitness, lessened likelihood of injury and illness).
24.B.4a Explain how decision making affects the achievement of individual health goals.
INDIVIDUAL SPORTS
As we begin our module, please take time to complete the pre-course survey. This survey is required for a completion grade. You can access the survey HERE (Click on the HERE button)
Individual sports are the sports that you can do by yourself. These sports can be done competitively or for leisure.
In most cases, people that participate in these individual sports are intrinsically motivated.
“Intrinsic motivation: Within self-determination the- ory, intrinsically motivated behaviors represent the height of self-determination because they are undertaken freely out of pleasure and satisfaction” (Green-Demors et al, 1998, p. 254).
Competitively, many districts offer a wide variety of individual sports for students to participate in during different seasons. Although your school may not offer the activity, there are places in most communities that offer opportunities for children, young adults, and adults to participate in.
Olympic sports that are not as common:
Bobsledding, skiing, snowboarding, ice skating, equestrian, fencing, hockey, luge, sailing, ski jumping, skeleton racing,
Competitive sports that can be accessed in most areas:
Swimming, diving, badminton, bowling, running, golf, archery, wrestling, tennis, bowling, field events as part of the track program, skating, biking, boxing, rowing, Martial arts, surfing
Leisure sports
Running
Frisbee golf
Darts
Climbing
Surfing
Table tennis
Below are some videos for you to explore.
This video will provide you with a self-assessment that will help you discover what type of sports are for you.
Top 20 Best Solo Sports for Kids Compilation 2018. Good and Popular Sports for Toddlers 2018
Sunshine TV. April 15, 2018.
Genius test “What Sport are you made for. December 9, 2018
Update: Post an update on the community discussion about an individual sport that you have participated in. Was this part of a program or for leisure? Is this something you previously participated in or are you currently participating in the individual sport activity? Have you formed relationships with others by sharing a common interest? What were your results from the video? Do they match what you thought they would?
Comment: Please comment on at least 3 of your peers’ updates. What are the similarities or differences you have experienced with their individual sport?
It is important to inform students that individual sports are ones that focus on their own ability. They do not rely on others to perform. It is up to the individual to decide their level of participation. The individuals that participate in these sports rely on themselves.
Students are able to do many of these leisure sports for a long time in their life. The examples are limited, but their comments and updates could explore into other individual sports that have not been stated.
There are multiple individual sports that can be done throughout their lives. The idea is to produce life long learners. Discuss how students can do these sports as they age. Recreation activities can produce results long after high school.
Individual Sports - Picture Vocabulary. Eflnet. June 2015.
TEAM SPORTS
Team sports include 2 or more people to participate in. Small team sports include beach volleyball. These teams consist of two players working together to compete against another team. Although it is a small team, the players have to work together to achieve a common goal.
Larger team sports include games such as soccer and football. In soccer, all of the players on the field are playing at the same time. Although they have their certain positions, they can move freely on the field. The goalie is the only player that has a different set of rules for their position. Each position has a role that they need to understand.
Football is more of a unique sport. Each player has a different role from lineman to quarterback. Only half of the players are on the field at a time. These players are also interchangeable for a play.
In all team sports, communication is important. Each member of the team will form relationships with others. They all have to work together to achieve a common goal.
Below is a link I would like you to visit.
https://www.playforchange.org/latest/2016/4/15/the-relationship-of-it-all
The Relationship of it all: Playing team sport can enhance relationship skills. Play for change. April 15, 2016. TEDx Talks
Below is a TEDx Talk discussing the importance of sports.
The real importance of sports. Sean Adams, TED XACU May 11, 2015
The next video discusses the benefits of team sports compared to individual sports.
9 Benefits of Team Sports (Team Sports vs. Individual Sports) Social Town. March 24, 2021
The next video is about a professional athlete discussing the importance of team sports.
John Urschel on why every child should play team sports. PBS NewsHour. May 13, 2019.
Update: Post an update on the community. What team sports, if any, have you participated in. Are you currently on a team? What were, or are, your experiences with the team sport? Would you recommend your sport to others? Where could they find the opportunities to participate in this sport? Did you find any of the videos beneficial? What new information did you learn?
Comment: Comment on at least 3 of your peers’ updates. What commonalities do you share? Would this team sport be something that you would be interested in?
Team sports build community. They also create team work. Students that participate in team sports believe in a larger picture than themselves.
In the case that students discuss not making the school team, remind them that there are other places that they can still participate. There are rec. leagues that provide students the opportunity to continue to play. As they get older, rec leagues are more available. In most colleges, there are a plethora of opportunities for students to participate in team sports.
They develop crucial skills that they will use later on in life as they become professionals in their field.
Good Teamwork and Bad Teamwork - Teamwork Motivational Video
Tyler Waye. January 10, 2021.
STRENGTH TRAINING
Building strength is not about just hitting the gym every couple of days and doing some bench presses. It is about utilizing specific muscle groups to develop. This could be something simple you do in the morning when you wake up such as push-ups. It could also be something that requires time such as completing a whole body strength training program.
Strength training can be done in a variety of ways. You can use your body as its own gym. You can use free weights. You can also use machines designed to target specific muscle groups.
There are muscle groups that you will need to work to complete a strength training program.
11 major muscle groups. Khan Academy. September 10, 2012.
The video below discusses the importance of muscle training
Muscle matters: Dr. Bendan Egan at TEDxUCD. TEDx Talks. June 27, 2014.
The video below is an introduction to training
Introduction to resistance training for health and healing. Doctor Klioze. February 15, 2021
This is an in depth understanding of how developing muscle strength works.
Developing your muscle strength: The physiological and Neuromuscular benefits of resistance training. Physiology Made Easy with Dr. Aamer Sandoo. September 21, 2020
Update: Post an update on the community. What experiences do you have in strength training? Do you have any interest in participating in strength training? What do you think would be the most beneficial part of strength training for you personally? Can this be done in a group setting or more individual? Which would you prefer?
Comment: Comment on at least 3 of your peers’ updates. What commonalities do you share? Would strength training be something that you would be interested in?
“The characteristics of a well-designed strength training program are context dependent and take into consideration individual differences in a variety of factors such as age, goals for fitness or health outcomes, fitness level, health status, access to equipment, and experience with weight lifting.” O’Conner, Herring, Caravalho, 2010, p.379)
Students need to understand that they do not need to pay for a gym membership to complete strength training. There are a magnitude of strength training programs that can be done in your own home. Utilize equipment that is found in ordinary places. This can be in the house or at a park. Almost anything can be used as a weight.
Students need to know that muscles do not grow overnight. It will require time and patience to see results. Students that want to experience 'gains' will have to experience patience. They will need to work those muscles like anything else. Even if they do not see instant results, they need to continue to develop.
To be an elite athlete, or an average athlete, you will need endurance and stamina. Think about the last time you decided to sprint down the block. How did that make you feel? Think about the last time you ran more than a mile? How did that make you feel? Each person will have a different answer depending on your endurance. For those of you that do not move much, maybe get home and sit down at a computer or tv, the answer to that question could be that you did not feel great. For those of you who are moderately to vigorously active, that answer could be that it was not an issue. Building muscle stamina through endurance training allows for your body to adapt to change. If you run a little bit and are out of breath, your endurance may not be that great.
Below is a video explaining how a person can train like a world athlete.
How ‘normal people’ can train like the worlds best endurance athletes. Stephen Seiler. TEDxArdendal. TEDx Talks. December 2, 2019.
The next video discusses how to create an effective endurance training method
The most effective endurance training method- The science explained. To Know Sports. July 25, 2020.
The next video explains the science of endurance training
The science of endurance training and performance. University of Kent. April 4, 2017.
The science behind running
Endurance: run farther, faster, more easily - sport science: running. TSN. April 25, 2013.
Update: Post an update on the community. What experiences do you have in endurance training? Do you have any interest in participating in endurance training? What do you think would be the most beneficial part of endurance training for you personally? Can this be done in a group setting or more individual? Which would you prefer?
Comment: Comment on at least 3 of your peers’ updates. What commonalities do you share? Would endurance training be something that you would be interested in?
Endurance is not just running. Endurance can be for everything. How it can be connected to thinking, reading, writing, standing, and lifting. The body needs to be trained to complete a task at a longer interval. In most cases, people cannot go out and run a half marathon without training. It is important to remind the students that endurance will take time to build. It is a process.
Endurance training can consist of all types of activities. These can include biking, swimming, and rowing. Remind students that as they continue, they will see the results. If they create a baseline for their activity, they can then keep records about their growth. Think about push-ups. How many can a person do at the start. If they continue to train, how many can they do at the end of the month if they do it every day. The same thing can go for running. Run a mile and rate how you feel. Continue to complete a mile and record how you feel at the end of the month. Run a mile for a baseline. Then record how you feel. Increase the amount of distance by a little everyday. How far can you run at the end of the month and feel the same as you did on day one?
SPEED TRAINING
Speed training is not just about running fast. Although the concept of speed training is mostly to utilize sprints. There are benefits outside of getting faster for your body. Speed training can improve weight loss, cognitive function, and ability.
Below is a video on the benefits of sprinting
The benefits of sprinting (Based on Science) The Spring Project. January 3, 2019.
The next video discusses how often speed training should be performed.
How often should you do speed and agility training. Kbandstraining. December 9, 2019.
Update: Post an update on the community. What experiences do you have in speed training? Do you have any interest in participating in speed training? What do you think would be the most beneficial part of speed training for you personally? Can this be done in a group setting or more individual? Which would you prefer?
Comment: Comment on at least 3 of your peers’ updates. What commonalities do you share? Would speed training be something that you would be interested in?
Sprinting is a free and useful training. Students can perform this type of training using only their body. Students should be encouraged to try some sprints and see how they feel. This can be connected to endurance training as well. Utilizing this type of training can increase lung and heart function.
Record how fast it takes to run a 200 meter sprint. Complete a training program and determine the difference. Continue to complete these trainings and see what the results are.
HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRANING (HIIT)
High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is becoming more popular. There are gyms out there that hold classes for people to take.
This type of training includes workouts that utilize different types of muscle groups in short bursts. The workouts consist of a variety of exercises that can be done in short periods of time. Every time you complete a HIIT workout, it can be different.
The video below explains HIIT.
What is HIIT? 7 proven HIIT benefits and how to do it properly. The Health Nerd. July 1, 2017.
Below is a TED talk about high intensity exercise and how it can boost your health.
High-intensity physical exercise will boost your health. Øivind Rognmo at TEDxTrondheim. TEDx Talks. February 25, 2014.
This video discusses what HIIT is and how it helps.
Exercise series-HIIT: What does it help and how to do it. Mayo Clinic. February 8, 2021.
Update: Post an update on the community. What experiences do you have in High Intensity Interval training? Do you have any interest in participating in HIIT? What do you think would be the most beneficial part of HIIT for you personally? Can this be done in a group setting or more individual? Which would you prefer?
Comment: Comment on at least 3 of your peers’ updates. What commonalities do you share? Would HIIT be something that you would be interested in?
The importance of this type of training is it can be done quickly and does not need to involve any weights. The students can do this type of training at any level they are currently at. It is something that will improve over time. Maybe a student can only do 5 push ups in 45 seconds. If they continue the training, they will see increased results.
What can be done to change the routine? How many exercises can a student think about that can be done. What equipment is needed to complete the trainings.
YOGA
Yoga is not just stretching. It is a training technique that utilizes multiple muscles to increase stamina and flexibility. There are also many other health benefits to completing regular yoga sessions.
The video below explains the benefits of yoga for your body and brain.
What yoga does to your body and brain - Krishna Sudhir. TED-Ed. June 18, 2020
Yoga also has mental health benefits
Yoga and its connection to mental health. Nikolai Blinow. TEDxSalveReginaU. TEDx Talks. May 18, 2017.
Yoga is good for helping with chronic pain
How a bit of yoga can help with a big health problem - chronic pain. Rachael West. TEDxBunbury. TEDx Talks. August 21, 2017.
Yoga can have scientific results for your health and well-being.
Scientific results of yoga for health and well-being. NCCIH. August 1, 2012.
Update: Post an update on the community. What experiences do you have with yoga? Do you have any interest in participating in yoga? What do you think would be the most beneficial part of yoga for you personally? Can this be done in a group setting or more individual? Which would you prefer?
Comment: Comment on at least 3 of your peers’ updates. What commonalities do you share? Would yoga be something that you would be interested in?
Yoga is for everyone. There are scientific studies done about the benefits of yoga. It is much more than just stretching. There are many successful people that utilize yoga as part of their daily routine.
What are some of the common poses that students already know? What are some that can be added to their basic understanding of yoga.
Yoga is something that will again require time. Students will not be able to complete complex poses that require time and strength to obtain. Students should start out with level 1 poses. As they continue to build strength and endurance, they will be able to complete those harder levels.
MENTAL HEALTH
Mental health is a very important part of your life. Through this module, you have seen the effects that sports and training can have on the body and brain. Take time for yourself to enjoy who you are. There is only one version of you. Be the best version of yourself.
The below video discusses the advantage of positive brains to performance.
TEDxBloomington - Shawn Achor - “The happiness advantage: linking positive brains to performance. TEDx Talks. June 30, 2011.
The video below discusses mindset.
The power of belief - mindset and success. Educardo Briceno. TEDxManhattanBeach. TEDx Talks. November 18, 2012.
The next video discusses how to keep your brain healthy through exercise.
How to keep your brain healthy through exercise. Harvard Health Publishing. May 16, 2016.
The next video explains the brain-changing benefits of exercise.
The brain-changing benefits of exercise. Wendy Suzuki. TED. March 21, 2018.
The next video talks about the connection between physical and mental health
Physical and mental health. Psych Hub. March 18, 2020.
The next video explains how it’s important to talk about mental health
Stop the stigma: Why it’s important to talk about mental health. Heather Sarkis. TEDxGainsville. TEDx Talks. June 24, 2019.
Update: Post an update on the community. How do you find participating in physical activity benefits or does not benefit your mental health? What are some activities you participate in to improve your mental health? Make recommendations on things that you have found beneficial to participate in. These can be physical activities or anything you have found beneficial.
Comment: Comment on at least 3 of your peers’ updates. What commonalities do you share in participating in increasing mental health?
Do any of their recommendations make you think you would like to try to do the activities?
Mental health is a very important concept. Young adults are facing many stressors from inside and outside of the school setting. Social media plays a huge role in this. Take a moment to ask yourself, how are my students doing? How am I doing? Is there a way I can substitute some of my screen time with physical activity? Take time for yourself. Give students a break as well. We can never be sure where students are emotionally and mentally.
GOAL SETTING ACTIVITY
As you have reviewed multiple types of sports and exercises, it is important to find ways to incorporate them into your life. An important concept is to understand how participating in one, or more, of these activities can have an effect on your mental health. The goal is to find an activity you enjoy and would like to become a lifelong participant in these activities.
The assignment can be any of the following formats. After deciding the format, inform the instructor so they can assign a peer-review group based on your response.
Types of projects:
Essay
PowerPoint (or similar style) presentation
Video presentation
For this assessment you will have multiple options for completion:
Option 1:
Identify an individual sport that you would like to participate in either competitively or leisurely.
Discuss why you have chosen this individual sport. Why is this activity important to you?
Describe the ways you will participate in these activities? Are you going to try out for the school, find a league to compete, or just do it in your free time?
Describe how you will work to increase your ability in this sport?
What are your goals for participation in this sport?
Why do you believe this sport will help your mental health?
What do you believe are the benefits to you personally for participating in this sport?
Option 2:
Identify a team sport that you would like to participate in either competitively or leisurely.
Discuss why you have chosen this team sport. Why is this activity important to you?
Describe the ways you will participate in these activities? Are you going to try out for the school, find a league to compete, or just do it in your free time?
Describe how you will work to increase your ability in this sport?
What are your goals for participation in this sport?
Why do you believe this sport will help your mental health?
What do you believe are the benefits to you personally for participating in this sport?
Option 3:
Identify a type of training that you would like to participate in.
Discuss why you have chosen this type of training? Does it have to do with a sport or something else that you are a part of?
Describe the ways you will participate in this type of training.
Create a month-long personalized training program that you would like to follow. Include exercises and duration for each session. (Remember, you might not be able to complete a training program for one (1) type of training each day.
What are your goals for this training program?
Why do you believe this will help your mental health?
Students will be able to complete this assessment in a variety of ways. Each project will have different components. It is important to allow students to complete this assessment in a way that they will be able to get their message across. When doing the peer reviews, students should see different types of projects. That way, they might be able to provide valuable insight that someone might not have seen. Videos may take a reshot of their video after feedback is given to include some details they may have missed. Encourage students to try something new.
Each project needs to cover all of the materials and questions that are required. Students will recieve a point for every topic that is covered.
REFERENCES
Doctor Klioze. (2021. February 15). Introduction to resistance training for health and healing. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKlffF8dKt8
Eflnet. (2015, June 5). Individual Sports - Picture Vocabulary. [Video]. Youtube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W6DLdNBCGWc
Genius Test. (2018, December 9). What Sport are you made for? [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W24JeYoOESY
Green-Demers, I.Pelletier, L.G., Stewart, D.G. & Gushue, N.R. (1998) Coping With the Less Interesting Aspects of Training: Toward a Model of Interest and Motivation Enhancement in Individual Sports. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 20:4, 251-261.
Harvard Health Publishing. (2016, May 16). How to keep your brain healthy through exercise.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUSIVuXiWUo
Illinois State Board of Education. (2017). Physical Development & Health Performance Descriptors. Illinois State Board of Education. https://www.isbe.net/Documents/Goals-19-24-and-Perf-Descrip.pdf.
Kbandstraining. (2019, December 9). How often should you do speed and agility training. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dXO5kaFf6so
Khan Academy. (2012, September 10). 11 major muscle groups. [Video]. Youtube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4lXnrckRKPA
Mayo Clinic. (2021, February 8). Exercise series-HIIT: What does it help and how to do it. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-u2L4ItJGHQ
NCCIH. (2012, August 1). Scientific results of yoga for health and well-being. [Video]. Youtube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z16-HV5bnw8
O'Connor, P. J., Herring, M. P., & Caravalho, A. (2010). Mental health benefits of strength training in adults. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 4(5), 377-396.
PBS NewsHour. (2019, May 13). John Urschel on why every child should play team sports. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M7Em59wvIrY
Play for Change. (2016. April 15). The Relationship of it all: Playing team sport can enhance relationship skills. Playforchange.org https://www.playforchange.org/latest/2016/4/15/the-relationship-of-it-all
Physiology Made Easy with Dr. Aamer Sandoo. (2020, September 21). Developing your muscle strength: The physiological and Neuromuscular benefits of resistance training. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_iODqLONa8
Psych Hub. (2020, March 18). Physical and mental health. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EKEWk4oWmjY
Social Town. (2021, March 24).9 Benefits of Team Sports (Team Sports vs. Individual Sports). [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMpZukqYpH4
Sunshine TV. (2018, April 15). Top 20 Best Solo Sports for Kids Compilation 2018. Good and Popular Sports for Toddlers 2018. [Video]. Youtube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4F-RVPRuHZw
TED. (2018, March 21). The brain-changing benefits of exercise. Wendy Suzuki. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BHY0FxzoKZE
TED-Ed. (2020, June 18). What yoga does to your body and brain - Krishna Sudhir. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_8kV4FHSdNA
TEDx Talks. (2012, November 18). The power of belief - mindset and success. Educardo Briceno. TEDxManhattanBeach. [Video]. Youtube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pN34FNbOKXc&t=2s
TEDx Talks. (2014, February 25). High-intensity physical exercise will boost your health. Øivind Rognmo at TEDxTrondheim. [Video]. Youtube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dw_4hTK1_ek
TEDx Talks. (2014, June 27). Muscle matters: Dr. Bendan Egan at TEDxUCD. [Video]. Youtube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LkXwfTsqQgQ
TEDx Talks. (2015, May 11). The real importance of sports. Sean Adams, TED XACU. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=woR9b01N6mQ&t=399s
TEDx Talks. (2017, May 18). Yoga and its connection to mental health. Nikolai Blinow. TEDxSalveReginaU. [Video]. Youtube.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T4nr4t0AQzw
TEDx Talks. (2017, August 21). How a bit of yoga can help with a big health problem - chronic pain. Rachael West. TEDxBunbury. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hHrBFYhcQ6c
TEDx Talks. (2019, June 24). Stop the stigma: Why it’s important to talk about mental health. Heather Sarkis. TEDxGainsville. [Video]. Youtube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gy1iH_Gxn0Q
TEDx Talks. (2019, December 2). How ‘normal people’ can train like the worlds best endurance athletes. Stephen Seiler. TEDxArdendal. [Video]. Youtube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MALsI0mJ09I
The Health Nerd. (2017, July 1). What is HIIT? 7 proven HIIT benefits and how to do it properly. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNJ2gG-Jud4
The Spring Project. (2019. January 3). The benefits of sprinting (Based on Science). [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UZ4w8TuRE-k
To Know Sports. (2020, July 25). The most effective endurance training method- The science explained. [Video]. Youtube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6KBBPOlyMWw
TSN. (2019, April 25). Endurance: run farther, faster, more easily - sport science: running. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQ7alNd1oRo
University of Kent. (2017, April 4). The science of endurance training and performance. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdKjj541mk0
Waye. T. (2021, January 10). Good Teamwork and Bad Teamwork - Teamwork Motivational Video. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mCEob8Jyecw