How to Better Use Technology in the Classroom
Learning Module
- Creator(s):
While working on my Master's degree I have learned so much about new learning, and I feel that in today's world, technology is a huge component of new learning.
In conversations with my peers, I have found that many of my colleagues don't feel comfortable bringing technology into the classroom in a major way. They don't feel like they have a handle on the newest and greatest technologies, or they don't feel like they have the knowledge to really implement something new in their classrooms.
When I began thinking about what type of independent study I wanted to end the program with, I decided that I wanted to create a learning module that could help teachers and future teachers bring technology into their classrooms on a grander scale.
In this module, educators and future educators will:
This module will cover the following Illinois Professional Teaching Standards:
Standard 2 - Content Area and Pedagogical Knowledge
2L) demonstrates fluency in technology systems, uses technology to support instruction and enhance student learning, and designs learning experiences to develop student skills in the application of technology appropriate to the disciplines
2O) designs learning experiences and utilizes assistive technology and digital tools to provide access to general curricular content to individuals with disabilities
Standard 3 - Planning for Differentiated Instruction
3N) accesses and uses a wide range of information and instructional technologies to enhance a student’s ongoing growth and achievement
Standard 4 - Learning Environment
4M) organizes, allocates, and manages time, materials, technology, and physical space to provide active and equitable engagement of students in productive learning activities;;
Standard 5 - Instructional Delivery
5N) uses technology to accomplish differentiated instructional objectives that enhance learning for each student
Standard 7 - Assessment
7O) effectively uses appropriate technologies to conduct assessments, monitor performance, and assess student progress
Standard 9 - Professionalism, Leadership, and Advocacy
9M) communicates relevant information and ideas effectively to students, parents or guardians, and peers, using a variety of technology and digital-age media and formats
9S) models digital etiquette and responsible social actions in the use of digital technology
9T) models and teaches safe, legal, and ethical use of digital information and technology, including respect for copyright, intellectual property, and the appropriate documentation of sources
The first series of updates are meant to give you some background on technology, why technology should be used in classrooms, and how to use technology in classrooms.
These updates are meant for teachers with all levels of technology usage in their classrooms--from the pros to the newbies.
Technology is a term that often sparks much debate in the education world. Typically, when one thinks of the word technology, he or she pictures iPads, laptops, smartphones, and other digital technologies that have made our world so much more convenient, but technology actually refers to much more than just the digital advances our society has made in recent years.
"The 2014 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Technology and Engineering Literacy framework defines technology as "any modification of the natural world done to fulfill human needs or desires." Interestingly, the definition says nothing about iPads, tablets, laptops, Google, Facebook or Instagram" (Levinson).
If technology is more than just digital advancements, then we use new technologies in schools on a regular basis. When a textbook is outdated, new books are purchased. When standing desks were introduced to the education world, schools began to purchase them. When air conditioners were introduced, schools installed them.
As society advances, new technologies are introduced, and most schools do not deprive students of these new non-digital technologies, so why should students be deprived of digital technologies? Why do we resist change when it comes to digital technology?
In the video below, Ellen shows kids some technologies of the past. While this video is good for a laugh or two, it demonstrates how much digital technologies have developed.
Update: Ellen introduces kids to technologies of the past in the video above. In your update, write about a new technology that you were introduced to as a child. How did this advancement improve the quality of your life? What would life have been like if you had refused to go along with with the advancements of your society?
Comment on updates: Comment on three other updates.
Rational:
Many people are resistant to change even when the changes being made are very positive. I feel that it is important to start by defining technology because technology is so much more than computers and smartphones. I think the participant needs to realize that we willingly take on new technologies that are not digital in nature. If we don't deprive our students of air conditioning and running water, we shouldn't deprive them of digital technologies either.
To Do:
The participant should read this post, watch the videos, and complete the tasks on his or her own. Once all tasks have been completed, it is important to come back as a group to discuss what has been learned in this session. If someone is struggling with the idea of using digital technology in the classroom, a discussion as a group could really benefit him or her.
Resources:
Technology in Schools: Defining the Terms
Levinson, Matt. “Technology in Schools: Defining the Terms.” Edutopia, 29 May 2013, www.edutopia.org/blog/tech-in-schools-defining-terms-matt-levinson.
In the last update, we learned that technology refers to more than just the digital world. We use technologies like running water, electricity, air conditioning, and refrigeration each and every day. We are constantly adapting to the advancements our society makes, and it should be no different when it comes to digital technology in the classroom.
Digital technology is the language of society today. Voicemail is becoming a thing of the past, and instead, text messages are the chosen method of message leaving. We don't print pictures and create albums nearly as often as we post to our Instagram account. Society has embraced digital technology, so it only makes sense that we do the same in schools.
According to a study done by the Centers for Disease Control, kids ages 8-18 spend, on average, seven and a half hours in front of a screen per day. If kids are spending seven and a half hours in front of a screen each day, they will spend 114 days in front of a screen each year (CDC).
It seems that our youth really enjoy their screen time, so it is logical to think that if educators use technology in their classrooms, students might just enjoy learning a bit more.
In the TED Talk below, Kayla Scheer paints a picture of learning in the 21st Century.
Read: 10 Reasons Today's Students NEED Technology in the Classroom
Comment below: Do you agree with the reading? Do today's students NEED digital technology in their classrooms?
Update: How do you use technology in your classroom? If you don't use digital technology, explain why.
Comment on updates: Comment on at least three other updates.
Survey: The instructor will post a survey for you to take. Please take a moment to fill it out.
Rational:
While many teachers want to use technology in their classrooms, there are some who feel that older or different methods of instruction are better. I agree that there are many methods of effective teaching, but I also believe that technology can do so much for a classroom that textbooks cannot.
When presenting ideas that some might not agree with, I think that it is important to start with data backed evidence as to why we need to include technology in our classrooms. The purpose of this first section is to do just that.
To Do:
In this section, there is quite a bit of reading for the participant. Make sure that you discuss these readings in person as well as through online discussion.
The survey also needs to be posted. This survey is asking the participants in this course how often they use technology and how technology is used in their classrooms. This will help you in your presentation of the materials.
Resources:
How Do You Define 21st-Century Learning?
Rich, Elizabeth. “How Do You Define 21st-Century Learning?” Education Week, 17 Jan. 2017, www.edweek.org/tsb/articles/2010/10/12/01panel.h04.html.
Using technology in the classroom is one thing, but using technology in the classroom effectively is another. PowerPoints and Prezis were at one point exciting, innovative, and new. Now, students have constant digital stimulus while at home, and having them take notes on the PowerPoint slides just isn't going to keep their attention like it once did.
Kayla Delzer, a third-grade teacher from North Dakota, believes that digital technology can completely transform a classroom, but in order for students to have a transformative experience, teachers have to make wise decisions about how digital technology is incorporated. Delzer created a list of Seven Smart Ways to Use Technology in Classrooms. You will find the list outlined below (Reissman):
Tech Tip #1: Something boring on paper is still boring on a tablet or a laptop.
According to Delzer, “Using technology simply for the sake of using it is wasteful" (Reissman). If a task is not exciting and innovative on paper, then it won't be exciting or innovative on the computer either. If we want to make learning more exciting and accessable for our students, we need to use digital technologies to create interactive and exciting learning experiences.
Tech Tip #2: How tech teaches is as important as what is taught.
Digital technologies that focus on drills and repitition might not be the best use of time. Instead, opt for digital technolgies that focus on critical thinking, problem solving, and creativity.
Tech Tip #3: Let students sometimes be the teachers.
You do not always have to master every single tool. Many of our students are very tech-savvy. If you have a basic understanding of an app, turn it over to your students and let them become the experts. They will feel successful in being able to teach their classmates and their teacher.
Tech Tip #4: Find technology that lets kids learn from themselves and each other.
Digital technology allows for students to be their own teacher at times. While students need their teachers to teach them and guide them, it is also beneficial for them to be their own teacher at times. There are many technologies that will allow students to teach themselves and relay that information to their classmates.
Tech Tip #5: Rather than ban phones or YouTube, educators should find smart ways to use them.
Many of our students have cell phones in their pockets when they enter our classrooms. Instead of telling them to put their phones away and to get off of YouTube, tell your students to keep their phones out and find a way to use them to yoru advantage in the classroom.
Tech Tip #6: Adults should serve as champions of digital citizenship.
Using digital technologies in the classroom provides teachers with an opportunity to teach about digital citizenship. In today's world there are almost two societies--physical and digital. Students need role models when it comes to appropriate usage of technology, and as educators, we can be that positive influence.
Tech Tip #7: Give kids some space to cultivate their own interests.
Allow students to use digital technology to dive into their own interests. Genius hour is a great way to allow students to explore their interests while still helping them learn. Don't be afraid to let your students be creative.
Below is a video of Kayla Delzer speaking to this idea of reimagining our classrooms in order to make them appeal to our students.
Update: Choose one Tech Tip to explore further. Why is this tip helpful? What type of app could aid you in implementing this tip?
Comment on updates: Comment on three other updates.
Rational:
In the upcoming updates, I am going to highlight some different technologies that can really benefit the classroom. After a couple of updates, I will challenge teachers to use one of the new technologies introduced.
Before I start to ask teachers to really implement these new digital technologies into their classrooms, I think they need to be given some different tips.
Using a PowerPoint or giving a quiz online is not something innovative, and these types of uses of digital technology won't revolutionize the classroom environment. Teachers need to understand how to use digital technology in the classroom, and I think that these seven tips are a good start.
To Do:
Discuss these readings and updates in the classroom.
Remind participants that the next update will begin highlighting technologies to be used in the classroom. They will be challenged to use at least one of the newly introduced technologies each week.
Resources:
Kayla Delzer's Twitter Account
Kayla DelzerVerified. “Kayla Delzer (@TopDogTeaching).” Twitter, Twitter, 22 June 2017, twitter.com/TopDogTeaching?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor.
The next series of updates that will be posted are different digital technologies that you can start using in your classroom. These technologies are not meant to replace what you do in your classroom. Instead, they are meant to help transform your classroom environment.
After two digital technology updates have been published, you will be asked to try one of the two in your classroom and write an update about your experience. This is meant to get you out of your comfort zone, and it is meant to help you change up the day-to-day in your classroom.
The first set of applications you will be introduced to are quiz apps. Both Plickers and Quizlet introduce fun and engaging ways to review and quiz in class.
"Plickers is a powerfully simple tool that lets teachers collect real-time formative assessment data without the need for student devices" (Plickers).
When using Plickers, every student gets a QR code that is linked to them specifically. The teacher enters his or her class list on the Plickers website, and the students are each assigned a card. The teacher will then put a question up on the smartboard for the students to read, and the students will turn their QR code to the letter that matches the correct answer. The teacher will then use the camera on his or her smartphone (or tablet) to scan all of the QR codes in the room. Students and the teacher will then get immediate feedback.
This app allows educators to use digital technology in the classroom without requiring every student to have a device. This type of activity is great for a quick review or a quick check for understanding. There is no logging into a device for students; therefore, this a quick setup for teachers.
Watch the video below to set up an account for yourself:
Comment below: Do you see this type of digital technology working for you? Why or why not?
Rational:
I feel that the first three updates explained why we are doing what we are doing, but I think it is really important for us to now give concrete examples of digital technologies teachers can use. I also think that the technologies that are being introduced need to be usable. It is unrealistic to think that a teacher is going to immediately redo their entire class, but adding in an activity or two is totally doable right now.
To Do:
This update has a tutorial video, but I think that demonstrating how to go through this entire process in person would be even more helpful.
Give each teacher a device, and allow them to set up their own accounts as you demonstrate.
Resources:
Plickers Presentation Resources
Quizlet is a free digital technology that allows teachers to review with their students in class, and it also allows students to study at home on their own.
Quizlet began as an app for students to use when studying, but it has now morphed into an app that teachers can use in the classroom to help students study and build team building skills as well.
Quizlet introduced Quizlet Live about a year ago. Quizlet Live puts students into groups, and students work together to match the terms to their definitions. This type of activity helps students learn to work together, but it also builds their content knowledge at the same time.
In my opinion, one of the big selling features of Quizlet Live is that it allows you to write your own question sets or download and edit or use question sets shared by other teachers. This helps teachers tremendously because they don't have to recreate the wheel.
To create your own account, read the FAQ below, head over to Quizlet.com, create an account, and follow the tutorial.
Comment bel: How could this be beneficial in the classroom? Is this better than paper and marker flashcards?
Rational:
I feel that the first three updates explained why we are doing what we are doing, but I think it is really important for us to now give concrete examples of digital technologies teachers can use. I also think that the technologies that are being introduced need to be usable. It is unrealistic to think that a teacher is going to immediately redo their entire class, but adding in an activity or two is totally doable right now.
To Do:
This update has an FAQ page and the steps to creating an account are easy to follow, but I think that demonstrating how to go through this entire process in person would be even more helpful.
In the resources section, there is a PowerPoint that you can throw up on a screen for teachers to follow as they create their own accounts.
Give each teacher a device, and allow them to set up their own accounts as you demonstrate.
Resources:
Quizlet Getting Teachers Started PowerPoint
This is the first challenge of this course. You have learned about two new digital study tools that you can use in the classroom with your students. Choose Plickers or Quizlet to test out in your classroom. After you have tried one of these digital technologies out in your classroom, create an update answering the following questions:
Many of our students (especially those in grades 6-12) know how to use social media as well if not better than adults. Utilizing social media in class can be a bit tricky, but allowing students to use social media in the classroom can really help peak their interest.
The next two digital technologies you will be looking at are EduBlogs and Twitter.
Blogging has become a more and more popular form of social media since the coining of the word in 1997. Blogs are used by businesses, individuals, teachers, students, and so many others. Bob Walsh, author of Clear Blogging, explains why it is that people choose to blog, "Blogging is about power, and shifting it from them to you... The reason that the number of people blogging keeps doubling every five months... is that blogging gives us a new way to communicate, to share, to influence, to outrage, to matter" (Walsh 3). Blogging creates a platform that moves beyond the 140 characters of Twitter or the snapshot and caption of Twitter. A blog is a forum for a writer to share his or her thoughts, experiences, wisdom, and life.
Edublogs boasts the largest educational blogging platform, and it is more user-friendly than many other blogging platforms. Edublogs allows teachers to create accounts for their students, control their privacy settings, and filter the comments that come in and go out. Many school districts will not allow public blogging; Edublogs gives the teacher the option to set blogs to private so that only other students in the class will see the blogs.
Blogs are not limited to the Language Arts classroom; students can blog in any class. In fact, having students blog in a non-Language Arts classroom helps to create a cross-curricular connection.
The video below gives ten examples of how to use Edublogs in the classroom.
To begin blogging with your students, head over to Edublogs to create an account. Once you create an account, take a look at the user guide to really get started.
Comment below: Can you see yourself using class blogs? Why or why not?
Rational:
I started out by giving teachers digital technologies that are much easier to use. After introducing two simpler technologies, I decided to add in some digital technologies that might take a bit more work.
To Do:
This update leads the teacher to the user guide for Edublogs, but I think that demonstrating how to go through this entire process in person would be more helpful.
Give each teacher a device, and allow them to set up their own accounts as you demonstrate.
Resources:
How to Use Blogging in the Classroom
Pappas, Christopher. “How To Use Blogs In the Classroom.” ELearning Industry, 17 July 2017, elearningindustry.com/how-to-use-blogs-in-the-classroom.
Teaching with Twitter is a newer occurrence in education. Twitter is a free online social network that limits users to posts of 140 characters or less. In addition to the 140 characters, users can add photos, videos, gifs, or polls to the posts they make. This online platform is a great tool for teachers because it can be used in so many different ways, and students are already very familiar with this technology.
Because students are so familiar with this technology, this might be an instance where, like Kayla Delzer mentions in her seven tips, the student might become the teacher. Instead of taking over and teaching students how to utilize this app, they could take over and teach their teacher and their classmates.
Twitter is a great forum for class discussion and group learning, but there are endless possibilities with a forum like this. Pamela DeLoatch created a list of 30 Innovative Ways to Use Twitter In the Classroom. Below are fifteen of her thirty ways.
- Have designated students tweet what they learned that day. This practice gives students at any age a chance to reflect on their own education and then summarize it succinctly.
- Catch a student “doing good” and tweet it so the class can see, thus reinforcing the positive behavior.
- Students can create tweets from characters from a book being read in class (i.e. what would Charlotte the spider or Harry Potter tweet at that point in the chapter?).
- Create a joint story through tweets. Put the Twitter feed up on a screen and encourage students to add sentences as the story progresses.
- Challenge your class to create a story within 140 characters. Who can write a beginning, middle and end with brevity?
- Use Twitter for polling, asking students their opinion on an issue, and discuss the results. This method increases class participation and can lead to greater engagement.
- Let your students create characters based on your current history or English lesson and create a tweeted dialogue.
- Ask students to tweet to you about their learning process and challenges. It may be easier for students to discuss any troubles they’re having with you through tweets than in person.
- Send reminder tweets about homework, tests, or project due dates.
- Post a question and have students tweet the answer. This practice encourages full participation, instead of just from the first student to raise a hand.
- Allow a backchannel for conversation between students as they go through the lesson. This allows them to delve into the topic and lets you see their thought process and identify any areas that need clarification.
- Have students look at newspapers, online articles, or chapter summaries, synthesize the most important elements and create a tweet summary. This can create a useful study guide for the class to use at the end of the lesson or unit.
- Answer questions about homework. Students can direct message you a question that they may not feel comfortable asking in front of the class.
- Help your students create a multimedia classroom newspaper with stories composed of tweets.
- Teach probability by polling students. Ask them what they think the chances are of a certain event happening, i.e. rain, fire drill, football team winning, etc., and graph the results. (DeLoatch)
To get started with Twitter, head over to the website and click "sign up".
Comment below: Do you use Twitter in your personal life? What social media apps are you familiar with?
Rational:
Twitter is a huge part of young adults' lives. It really makes sense for teachers to use a platform that they already know has found much success among school-aged young adults.
To Do:
Twitter is extremely easy to navigate. Assist anyone who might need assistance in signing up.
Remind participants that Challenge #2 is coming soon.
Resources:
The Teacher's Guide to Twitter
“The Teacher’s Guide To Twitter.” Edudemic, Eduemic, www.edudemic.com/guides/guide-to-twitter/.
This is the second challenge of this course. You have learned about two new digital study tools that you can use in the classroom with your students. Choose Edublogs or Twitter to test out in your classroom. Both of these digital technologies require a bit more time to test out. Introduce one of these into your classroom when you begin a new unit and use it for the duration of the unit. Once you have completed the unit, come back and write your update. Use the following questions to fuel your update.
Our students are constantly being bombarded by stimulus. Much of which comes from digital technologies. The last two technologies we are going to delve into are YouTube and Instagram. Both of these forums bombard students with images, videos, sounds, and comments. These types of digital technologies have so much for students to latch on to.
YouTube is a digital media that most of us are familiar with, but familiarity does not mean that we are utilizing YouTube in the best way.
Many students are crazy about YouTube. They stay up until the wee hours of the morning watching video after video, and many of our students are actually aspiring YouTubers themselves. Because students and teachers are both very familiar with this platform, it only makes sense to utilize it.
Mike Christiansen, a social studies teacher at a high school in Kent, WA, uses YouTube in his classroom to differentiate his lessons and connect with his students.
Read the following articles that outline how and why YouTube should be used in classrooms:
Many of your students are probably more familiar with YouTube than you are. Many of them know all about posting videos of their own, so this is also an opportunity to really let your students' creativity shine. Have them work in groups to explain a difficult concept or create a book trailer. They can then post it to YouTube (publically or privately), and their classmates can learn from their work.
Comment below: How often do you utilize YouTube? Do you watch music videos or how-to videos?
Rational:
YouTube is a commonly used and well-understood digital media for students and teachers alike. This type of digital stimulus should be used in classes and should be used often. I feel that it is important to highlight technologies that we use but might not use in the best way possible.
I also think that because students are so used to being bombarded with video, sound, images, and text, we need to make sure that we play to their need for constant stiumuls.
To Do:
YouTube is extremely easy to navigate. Be available for anyone who is not familiar with YouTube
Select a few videos that would be a good stimulus for writing. Have the participants watch and journal.
Resources:
Tips for Teachers Using YouTube in Classroom
Brown, Liza. “Tips for Teachers Using YouTube in Classroom.” Wondershare, 8 Nov. 2017, filmora.wondershare.com/video-editing-tips/tips-for-using-youtube-in-classroom.html.
Instagram is just one more platform that students use to share media with their friends and family. Instagram allows users to post pictures and/or videos along with a caption. While this doesn't sound like the best platform for education, it actually can prove quite helpful to students and teachers alike.
Hannah Hudson, writer for We Are Teachers, created a list of 10 Surprising Ways to Use Instagram in the Classroom. Her list is as follows:
1. Showcase Student Work
Snap pictures of students’ artwork and other special projects to share on a private Instagram account only accessible to families and others in your school community.
2. Feature a Student of the Week
Invite students to alternate taking over your classroom Instagram account and sharing photos from their daily lives. Then have the featured student talk about his or her daily routine and artistic vision with the class.
3. Capture Field Trip Memories
Invite a student volunteer to be “archivist” and take photos on your field trips or during class parties for your class Instagram account.
4. Imagine How a Historical Figure Would Use Instagram
Have student browse historical photos and create a bulletin board or poster display showing Abraham Lincoln’s or Buzz Aldrin’s Instagram feed.
5. Imagine What a Favorite Character Would Post
Challenge students to find photos that would appear in Harry Potter’s or Katniss Everdeen’s Instagram.
6. Share Reading Recommendations
Invite students to snap photos of their favorite books with a description of why they love it in the caption. You and your students can browse the photos to get more inspiration on what to read, and even develop your own hashtag.
7. Record Steps in a Science Experiment
Watch as a plant unfurls or a chemical compound slowly changes colors—and preserve the experiment on Instagram.
8. Go on an ABC Scavenger Hunt
Challenge kids to find print in the world around them—on signs, packaging, or in the mail—and share their found letter of the day.
9. Discover Ideas for Writing
Tap an “inspiration fairy” to take 10 photos that could serve as a prompt for writing—an empty bird’s nest, a For Sale sign, or a broken doll, for instance.
10. Document Student Progress
Snap photos of students’ writing at the beginning and the end of the year. Order inexpensive prints from sites like Social Print Studio, to show your students their progress and provide an end-of-year gift! (Hudson)
In the video below, two middle school teachers explain how they are using Instagram in their classrooms. They post pictures along with captions for their students to see, and their students are engaging with the material after school and on the weekends.
To sign up for Instagram, download the app to your smartphone or tablet and create an account.
Comment below: Is this a digital technology you feel you could use in your personal life? as a teacher?
Rational:
Instagram is a very popular digital technology for students and adults. This technology is a great way to engage students and parents.
It also makes engaging students outside of school quite easy. I think that this is very important because we want our students to think about the material after they have left our classrooms.
To Do:
Most participants should have no problem signing up for Instagram, but be available to help troubleshoot if needed.
Remind participants that challenge #3 and the final project are both coming up.
Resources:
8 Ways to Integrate Instagram into the Classroom
Wedgwood, Catherine. “Eight Ways to Integrate Instagram into the Classroom.” Getting Smart, 23 Dec. 2016, www.gettingsmart.com/2016/02/8-ways-to-integrate-instagram-into-the-classroom/.
This is the third and final challenge of this course. You have learned about two additional digital study tools that you can use in the classroom with your students. Choose YouTube or Instagram to test out in your classroom. Spend about a week using either of these digital technologies on a daily basis. After you have tried one of these digital technologies out in your classroom, create an update answering the following questions:
Throughout this course, we have reviewed what technology is, why we should use digital technology in the classroom, and how to use digital technology in the classroom. We have taken a deeper look at six specific digital technologies, and now it is time for the final project of this course.
For your final project, you will take one of the six digital technologies we discussed or one that you discovered on your own and write up a lesson plan that utilizes that technology. These lesson plans will be peer-reviewed and edited. Once the peer review and final editing process are over, these lesson plans will be made available to all of your colleagues so that they may use these lesson plans to assist them in integrating technology in their classrooms.
Below is the rubric that will be used for peer review and for the evaluation of the final project.
First Draft: Please complete your first draft one week from today. Please submit your first draft as a link in your final update.
Peer Review: You will receive an email from the instructor for peer review. Please give feedback within one week of receiving the email.
Final Draft: Final drafts are due one week after peer review feedback is submitted.
Your final task for this course is an exit survey. Please be honest in your evaluation of the class and the resources you received.
To do:
You are responsible for assigning peer review partners. Please make sure that each participant reviews two other lesson plans.
Post the class exit survey before final works are due.
Burns, Monica. “Harnessing the Power of YouTube in the Classroom.” Edutopia, 3 May 2016, www.edutopia.org/blog/harnessing-power-youtube-in-classroom-monica-burns.
CNN. “CNN: Twitter has place in classroom.” YouTube, YouTube, 9 June 2011, www.youtube.com/watch?v=2w9CnaeaiAE.
DeLoatch, Pamela . “30 Innovative Ways to Use Twitter In the Classroom.” Edudemic, www.edudemic.com/the-30-newest-ways-to-use-twitter-in-the-classroom/.
Edublogssupport. “Why Edublogs.” YouTube, YouTube, 12 Aug. 2013, www.youtube.com/watch?v=5gzJNMEFkNM.
TheEllenShow. “Ellen Introduces Kids to the Technology of Yesterday.” YouTube, YouTube, 19 Sept. 2014, www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CMS9xnBRkc.
Garison, Ross. “Badge Stories - Ms. Pomroy and Plickers.” YouTube, 1 Apr. 2015, youtu.be/-uxhlEkQpwY.
“Introducing Quizlet Live.” Vimeo, 10 Dec. 2017, vimeo.com/161809207.
ISBE. “Illinois Professional Teaching Standards and edTPA alignment Crosswalk.” Illinois State Board of Education, 2012.
Levinson, Matt. “Technology in Schools: Defining the Terms.” Edutopia, 29 May 2013, www.edutopia.org/blog/tech-in-schools-defining-terms-matt-levinson.
Mareco, Danny. “10 Reasons Today's Students NEED Technology in the Classroom.” SecurEdge Networks - Enterprise Wireless Service Providers, www.securedgenetworks.com/blog/10-reasons-today-s-students-need-technology-in-the-classroom.
Montez, Tony. “What is Technology?” YouTube, YouTube, 15 Feb. 2014, www.youtube.com/watch?v=Giiz81_uzK8.
“NCCDPHP: Community Health.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 13 Mar. 2017, www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dch/multimedia/infographics/getmoving.htm.
PioneerRESATech. “Plickers - A Step by Step Tutorial.” YouTube, YouTube, 9 Feb. 2015, www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qpx56rjCVjQ&t=3s.
Pappas, Christopher. “8 Important Reasons Why YouTube Should Be Part Of Your eLearning Course.” ELearning Industry, 20 July 2017, elearningindustry.com/8-important-reasons-youtube-part-elearning-course.
PCMSTV1. “Instagram In The Classroom.” YouTube, YouTube, 4 Mar. 2016, www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePP-7HIvIxk.
“Plickers.” Plickers, www.plickers.com/.
“Quizlet.” Quizlet, Quizlet Inc., 2007, quizlet.com/.
Reissman, Hailey. “7 smart ways to use technology in classrooms.” 7 Smart Ways to Use Technology in classrooms, 14 Sept. 2017, ideas.ted.com/7-smart-ways-to-use-technology-in-classrooms/.
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